Abstract This paper discusses that martial arts not only is the art of warfare but also has a philosophy based in an elaborate blend of ancient codes of conduct, ethics and a spirituality that appears to be a fusion of Daoism, Zen Buddhism, and Confucianism. This paper states that, making the leap from East to West, this merger of physical and spiritual mastery has become a booming industry in the U.S. resulting in action films and T.V. shows that, besides being a series of highly choreographed fight scenes, also conveys ethical messages, codes of conduct and spiritual direction. The author is concerned that many people are being exposed to the martial arts without any ethical grounding at all; thus a generation is learning the physical aspects of the martial arts without the ethical or spiritual code that has historically been taught alongside it and has no concept of how to take the right action in the face of a dilemma, of delayed gratification or of respect to others.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of the Kung Fu Film
Bruce Lee and His Successors
Martial Arts in Film and on Television Today
Conclusion
From the Paper "Bruce Lee has been credited as the one who officially brought martial arts to the film industry in the United States. Although born in San Francisco, Lee spent most of his childhood making films in Hong Kong and did not return to the U.S. until he was 18 years old. Thus, he began to develop and teach Jeet Kune Do ("way of the intercepting fist") and to infuse his philosophy into the films he was in, "which was his ultimate goal in movie-making". Unable to break through the racial barrier in Hollywood, Lee went back to Hong Kong to become a superstar there. Only after achieving success did Hollywood notice him, resulting in "Enter The Dragon" (1973), the only Hollywood-backed film he would star in."
Abstract This paper presents a brief history of the game known as hockey. The paper begins with a background of the game and the word hockey itself despite very few documented facts or recordings of the actual origins. The paper includes a description of the transformation of the original game to the well known sport of today. The writer acknowledges the various versions of grass and ice, popular in both the U.S. and Canada. The paper concludes with up to date information on the game today.
From the Paper "Hockey got international exposure in the late 1800s. In 1895, college students from the U.S. and Canada played first ever series of four international matches ? Canadians were victorious in all. Canada made its mark in the world ranking of hockey when it won the first world and Olympic championships in 1920. Early 1900s saw some innovations in the game. Goal net was introduced in 1900. Blue lines to divide zones were added in 1911 and three 20 minute periods were introduced in the 60 minute game."
This paper is a review of research stating that a good coach is a "Double-Goal Coach": Coaching skills and winning games plus assisting athletes to develop strong and constructive character traits.
Abstract This paper illustrates how coaches sustain professional standards of behavior, elucidate their expert functions and compulsions, recognize suitable conscientiousness for their manners and adjust their means to the requirements of dissimilar athletes in the high school. The author believes that recruitment judgments for high school institutions must be based on a precise fortitude that the athletes are critically dedicated to getting an education and has or will expand their academic skills and character to do well. The paper stresses that successful coaches ought to try and build the following vital characters: Purpose, skill, understanding, character and habits.
Table of Contents
Introduction
State the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature.
Methodology
The Approach Utilized
Data Gathering and Utilizing Method
Comment on the Validity of the Data
Comment on the Originality and Limitations of Data
Summary
Summary Conclusion & Recommendation
From the Paper "Research reveals that the high school coaches can improve capability in teamwork, collaboration, management ability, interpersonal ability and strength of mind. While participating in the athletics and training, a lot of high school athletes gain knowledge from their high school coaches of the worth of justice and the idea of right and wrong. Coaches allow young athletes to learn appropriate physical forcefulness under a supervised and restricted state of affairs and give high school athletes with an opening to find out how to interrelate properly with grown-ups and influencing people other than their parents. Coaches also can encourage friendships amid athletes and families across ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groupings."
Tags: standards, function, recruitment, socioeconomics, community
Abstract The game of baseball has been the calling card of American sports almost since its inception as a team game. This paper looks at the history of baseball, from its beginnings as a casual game called rounders, through its establishment as a game with rules by Alexander Cartwright in 1845 until the first official game in 1846 between the "New York Nine" and the "Knickerbockers". The paper discusses the leagues, teams and clubs which grew in response to the growing popularity of the sport. Finally, the paper shows how baseball has evolved and changed within American history.
From the Paper "What Spaulding had to say reminds the American historian that the game became a proving ground for national heroes as it went through changes and developments that coincided with the national agenda and culture. It went through WWII when there were few male players around to play and to fill in the fan base the women's league was started and toured the country to a growing fan base. (AAGPBL website 1996) Baseball went through the civil rights era and could be one of the first places where blacks were publicly integrated with whites. (White 1995) Even today baseball continues to evolve as it begins to change to meet the new fan base of today's America."
Tags: Town, Ball, Abner, Doubleday, Elysian, Field
Abstract This paper focuses on the leadership qualities of Michael Jordan. It gives a detailed list of characteristics that are part and parcel of being a true leader. Some examples and facts have also been listed which the writer believes show Michael Jordan as a true leader who always lead by example and courage.
Contents:
Michael Jordan ? the figure
True Leadership Elements found in Michael Jordan
Knowledge
Trust
Vision
Essentials
Integrity
Experience
Positive Attitude
Self-confidence
Empathy
Judgment
Reflection in Today's Environment
From the Paper "There have been many a number of individuals who have had exceptional talents, both in the field of sports and any other. These people have ascended on the ladder of success with sheer hard work and commitment, which in its essence, is the key to attain and achieve success and fame. There have been great players, and much greater than them as well but there are certainly those amongst these who can be bracketed alongside the very best. One such name is the American National Basket Ball Association Player, Michael Jordan. There is yet to be born a greater basket ball athlete than him."
Abstract This comparison of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) needs of an amateur marathon runner and a "normal" non-athlete or sedentary person illustrates the difference in the quantities of nutrients each need to maintain a healthy and well functioning body. It also shows the consequence of continued consumption of such a diet to the marathon runner if the athlete becomes a non-athlete.
From the Paper "Once established, the calorie requirement per day will illustrate the difference in needs between the athlete and non-athlete. The normal sedentary adult requires .40 grams per pound of body weight per day of protein to stay within RDA guidelines. The adult competitive athlete requires .90 grams per pound of body weight per day, more than twice the number of the non-athlete. (Parsons, 2003)"
Abstract The science of sports psychology rests uncomfortably between pure science, theory and hype. But, as athletes make their way up successive levels from amateur to semi-professional, from pro to world- class, the physical aspects of the game stay the same. The paper shows that an athlete can only digest so much nutrition, burn so many calories in the weight room and endure a relatively fixed amount of physical training before ready to perform at a peak level. The hypothesis is that the factor which separates one level of athlete from the next, and what often prevents an athlete with much "potential" from reaching his or her goals is the mental game. The paper shows that, although this idea sounds simple, at upper levels of performance the athlete's own body can become one of the opponents on the playing field which must also be conquered. Toward this end, the "science" of sports psychology, including hypnosis, self hypnosis, guided imagery and bio-feedback have come into the sports marketplace in the last 30 years, and have proven that at the levels of performance which test the athletes total ability, conquering the mind game is the cornerstone to victory on the playing field.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
History
Sports Psychology and Hypnosis
Desire: the First Requirement
Hypnosis, Self Hypnosis, Biofeedback
Examples of Biofeedback
Guided Imagery
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "An associative attentional focus concentrates one's awareness on bodily states, self-perceptions, and pacing or rhythm related to an activity. Conversely, a dissociative attentional focus or distraction diverts attention away from bodily self-awareness and self-perceptions and towards external stimuli or factors not related to an activity (e.g., words of a song, other people exercising). Studies have found conflicting results as to whether association or dissociation is a more effective strategy for improving performance."
Discusses the media war between the National Council of Women's Organizations and the Augusta National Golf Club over the club's policy of excluding women.
Abstract This paper discusses why the prestigious Augusta National Golf Club excludes women from its membership roles. It discusses whether it is legal and, moreover, ethical, for a private club to exclude an American citizen based on gender. The paper focuses on the public relations battle which took place between the club's chairman, Hootie Johnson, and chairperson of the National Council of Women's Organizations, Martha Burk, over the club's exclusion of women from the club and the Masters Tournament which takes place each year. The paper explores Augusta National's public image following the confrontation and looks at how Burk threatened to turn one of America's most esteemed sporting events into a public relations nightmare for its sponsors. The paper looks at how successful her very public made-for-media strategy to challenge corporate America's commercial support of The Masters Tournament really was.
From the Paper "Meanwhile, in the past few months, everyone of any stature in golf (Tiger Woods was most prominent among opinions expressed; he declined to take sides), in civil rights (Jesse Jackson announced he would lead the charge against the discrimination of women), and it seems, in the media, had an opinion on Augusta's refusal to admit women. Sandy Grady, writing in USA Today, noted that Augusta's power elite were ??so petrified that feminists will infiltrate their boys club, they announced this rule, according to the Augusta Chronicle: "Patrons will be asked to return to their cars and remove buttons, hats, or T-shirts that express any opinion, pro or con, on a social or political basis".? That would appear to be unconstitutional at the worst, and, at the least, blatant paranoia."
Abstract This paper presents a fictionalized view of soccer great Mia Hamm that has been drawn from factual evidence. The writer uses first person narratives and creates a fictional setting from which to display the wonders of the soccer champion's abilities. The writer uses factual evidence to provide the fictional account.
From the Paper "I have never been a soccer fan. Well let me change that, I was never a soccer fan because I never knew anything about the game. When I was small I played for one season and I remember everybody running around in the sun chasing a ball until the whistle blew. It did not seem like something I could get into and I signed up for basketball the following year. Because I have never been a soccer fan I was quite surprised when a friend invited me to go to the world cup game with her. It was the day my view on soccer, and my love of the game was born. I know now I had never been a fan before because I had never had the opportunity to watch Mia Hamm perform."
This paper examines a category of ballistic science known as terminal ballistics, the study of how a projectile penetrates solids and thus is the mechanism of incapacitation.
Abstract This paper explains that the penetration and "stopping power" of a bullet can be measured using the kinetic energy and Taylor Index equations. The paper reveals that wound ballistics is concerned with the motions and interactions of the projectile with tissue. The author believes that, through understanding of the physics behind bullet impacts and penetration, the criminologist more fully understands how different types of projectiles react when striking flesh or other resistant mediums and can lead to better a understanding of the whys and hows of a crime. Formulas included.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Physics behind the Bullet
Wound Ballistics
Conclusion
From the Paper "To get the bullet in a vital area you need penetration. As a rule of thumb, velocity times sectional density is equal to relative bullet penetration. This is valid for bullets of similar composition. In good hunting bullets, expansion is consistently in the neighborhood of double the diameter and we assume the bullet will retain its weight. If the bullet goes to pieces, losing weight and consequently its sectional density, you might as well forget about it. The heavier bullet has a higher sectional density and will maintain the higher sectional density when it has expanded to double its diameter. In addition, the heavier bullets tend to have lower velocity. At lower velocity the resistance and consequently crushing force on the bullet nose, is lower, so expansion is delayed. This is why heavy bullets have delayed expansion, and do not show the same tendency to blow up on the surface as light bullets even though they have identical impact energy. It is how a given bullet interacts with tissue that determines its lethality."
Abstract This paper explores the history, the implementation and defense of physical education. It starts from the premise that a well-rounded child has a good understanding of his or her own body and understands what it takes to keep that body healthy and active.
History of Physical Education
Goals of Physical Education
Childhood Health Crisis ? Inactivity and Obesity
School Sports
Cuts and Inequality in Physical Education
From the Paper "The history of sports and physical activity is a tremendously engaging story starting with the early Greeks and the first Olympics, to soldiers and warriors throughout history. Indeed, an argument can be made that modern physical education was the result of war worries in and of itself. Like many other major achievements in the United States, the promotion of physical education was a byproduct of the Cold War."
Abstract The paper shows that it comes as no surprise that in the run up to (as well as during) the World Cup in 2002, Pepsi was found exhibiting very aggressive promotional behavior. Its approach was an unapologetic attempt to blunt the effect of the Coca-Cola marketing plan in Japan and South Korea. For this reason, it proves an interesting, individual study (for section one of this paper) in the use of "ambush marketing" through sponsorship agreement. However, the cola wars have been going on for some time now, and this particular event was but one small battle in the greater struggle for soft-drink-dominance. So, in addition to an appraisal of the problems encountered by the two firms during the 2002 World Cup, this paper also shows how the issue goes back a long way. Sponsorship, after all, has been and still is vital to both company's marketing strategies.
From the Paper "In contrast to this official sponsorship, Pepsi was forced to adopt a more indirect approach to maintaining and upholding the recognition of its brand name. They were not able to hang banners within the stadiums and receive television coverage that way so they "ran advertisements featuring a David Beckham [well-known UK soccer player] led soccer team competing against a soccer team of Japanese Sumo wrestlers." ("World Cup," 2002). Also, before the World Cup had even begun, advertisements in Argentina were run "featuring top international soccer players under a banner that read 'Tokyo 2002.'" The goal of this was to imply that Pepsi had some kind of a sponsorship with the 2002 World Cup to be held later in the year in Japan (Bikoff & Jones, 2002). Further attempts using television commercials by Pepsi were found in Ecuador and even the United States."
Abstract This paper recounts the beginnings of the Super Bowl by first looking at the creation of the AFL. It looks at the role television had in the success of the Super Bowl and the tremendous amounts of money spent by both leagues which encouraged fans to pick sides. The continued success of the Super Bowl and some of the factors that contribute to its success (half time shows, commercial airtime) are also discussed.
From the Paper "By 1968, the year of Super Bowl I, America accounted for over 78million households with televisions (out of a worldwide 200million) and its popularity was ever increasing. At this point, television shows that are now steady re-runs on Nick at Nite, were entertaining Americans as they lived their "American Dream". Televised football games were highly popular (much like today) and were a ready source of commercial income for broadcast stations and football franchises. Television programs and commercials were defining what Americans should buy, eat and live by. It was a viable force then as it is now."
Abstract The salaries of the baseball players when compared to their performance comes out to be justified according to the equity theory. This paper presents statistics and research studies that compare values and present that the players in Major League Baseball are neither underpaid nor overpaid, rather they get paid their just deserves.
