From the Paper "In The Promised Land Nicholas Lemann investigates the effects that the great black migration to the northern cities had on American Society. Lemann's purpose in the book is to identify the roots of current problems in urban ghettos, determine why earlier attempts to solve the problems failed, and suggest alternative approaches to America's largest social problem. He believes that any new policies need to be based on a strong grasp of historic social causes, knowledge of past policies' failures and successes, and an understanding of the experiences of the people who took part in the migration and whose lives were part of the development of both the black ghetto and the black middle class after World War II. Lemann's analysis of social policy and the nature of the problem of the black ghettos leads him to the conclusion that the federal government is the only institution..."
Compares conceptions of human nature as proposed by Marx and Freud. Marx's conception is based on economic interactions and the relationship of humans to labor, Freud's conception is rooted in theoretical constructs of the mind producing observable beh
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, 1990, $ 31.95
From the Paper " Differing views of human nature are found in the theories of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud. The two writers address diverse aspects of human life, with Marx centering on the economic and political and Freud on the inner life of the mind and the ways in which that manifests itself in human behavior. The two men have as their starting point a conception of human nature which shows why human beings behave as they do, and for both men the reasons for human behavior are hidden from view, hidden from the understanding of the majority of people responding to them. For Marx, the hidden force is economic and involves the relationship of the human being to labor, while for Freud the hidden force is found in theoretical constructs of the mind which govern different aspects of thought and behavior and whose interaction produces the behavior we can see..."
Abstract Many factors have been linked to domestic violence, including family modeling, culture and substance abuse. This paper provides an overview of several of these factors. It shows how alcohol and substance abuse are directly linked to spousal and child abuse and how this problem is carried to the next generation. The paper also examines the social learning theory which contends that boys who witnessed violence towards their mothers by their fathers are more likely to beat their own partners. Finally, the paper looks at the link between ethnic groups and domestic violence.
From the Paper "One of the factors that has often been cited as leading to a propensity toward domestic violence as an adult is being the victim of violence as a child. The research on this seems to be ambiguous, however, with some studies showing a clear association and other studies indicated limited support for that theory. For example, Simons et al. (1995) explored four different sets of data in a study of Midwestern families and found only limited support for the idea that children who were subject to severe physical discipline were likely to be violent toward their spouses and children. On the other hand, Doumas et al. (1994) found association between both early child abuse and witnessing marital aggression and later adult domestic violence."
Abstract This paper analyzes whether the policemen, or cops, the police personality, should be judged based on unique and individual traits or through socialization and experience. It takes the stance that police personality is heavily influenced by police culture, and therefore, leads people to view and perceive police traits according to their socialization and experience with the society and the police culture. It focuses on the sociological perspective of police personality and culture in order to illustrate how personalities are shaped according to an individual's exposure to his or her own culture or niche.
From the Paper "In order to understand the influential effect of police culture to police personality, a proper definition of "culture" and "police culture" is needed. In an article on police culture by Stephen Harrison entitled, ?Police Organizational Culture: Using Ingrained Values to Build Positive Organizational Improvement,? culture is defined as "the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action, and artifacts and depends on man's capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations" (1998). ?Police,? meanwhile, is defined as an "agency of a community or government that is responsible for maintaining public order and preventing and detecting crime" (Microsoft Encarta 2002)."
Abstract This paper examines the rise of juvenile delinquency, including the factors responsible for the high rise in crime, and suggests steps by which it can be curbed. It discusses how juvenile crime is a major problem for people nowadays, how young children have resorted to acts of brutality and violence, and even acts of rape, assault, robbery, and homicide. It shows how the rates of juvenile crime have been fluctuating throughout the years and how the U.S. government has not done much to counter this problem.
Outline
What is Juvenile Delinquency
Juvenile Crime
Reasons for Juvenile Crime
Family Life
Poverty Line, Discrimination, Lack of Opportunities
Media Factor
Drug Use
From the Paper "Drug usage and substance abuse are one of the strongest factors contributing to juvenile violence. Juvenile delinquents get hooked to drugs or alcohol from an early age. These drugs are easily available to them at their hangout places. Drug usage among delinquents had taken a sharp decline in the earlier years but now the usage has increased drastically. Drug use affects the person as it ruins his/her perception. It enables the person to resort to things they haven?t done before. Due to dependence on drugs a lot of juveniles commit crimes as they need a constant flow of cash to support their habit. This can propel into a very dangerous situation as it can lead to violent crimes such as murders or armed robbery."
Abstract This paper examines how globalization is one of the most hotly debated issues in world politics and how some view globalization as a system or age, while others regard it as a revolution or the neo-imperialistic process of the 21th century. It looks at how globalization can be defined as the process of denationalization, integration, and growing interdependence of markets, economies and societies, which affects the environment, political systems, and cultures.
Outline
Introduction
Economic Impacts of Globalization
Globalization and National Sovereignty
Globalization ? The End of Cultural Diversity?
Conclusion
From the Paper "Information technology is one of the main drivers of globalization. The important role technology plays in the globalization process is often disregarded or at least underestimated. The degree of technological innovation determines whether a country reaps the benefits of globalization or not. Studies have shown that developing countries still lag behind industrialized countries as far as technological development is concerned. According to a recent UN report only one person in 200 in Southeast Asia has Internet access. In Arab countries only one person in 500 has access to the Internet. In African countries, the ratio is even worse. Information technology, which was originally designed to connect the world, has produced a "digital divide" that has exacerbated the gap between the rich and the poor. The low degree of technological innovation in developing countries certainly deprives people in developing countries from participating in the globalization process. The question is, however, whether information technology will at the same time be the only key to catching with industrialized countries."
Abstract The writer of this paper details the symptoms as well as the media's contribution to body dysmorphic disorder, also known as distorted body image. Body dysmorphic disorder has become a tremendous problem in today's society due to the barrage of negative messages sent to women by the media. This paper discusses the effect of the media, in all its forms - television, radio, print advertising, internet, etc., which has an enormous influence on what people deem as attractive in today's society. The unnecessary emphasis the media places on appearance tends to adversely affect the mental and physical health of those it comes in contact with. Body dysmorphic disorder can lead to damaged self-esteem, depression, and eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. This paper details the manner in which advertisers place heavy emphasis on physical appearance as a means of selling products. Too often in doing so, unnecessary pressure is placed on women to conform to unrealistic and oftentimes, unhealthy standards of beauty.
From the Paper "Women want someone they can relate to. The Body Shop, a supplier of natural beauty products, offered a much-needed change from the typical message provided by advertisers; "There are three billion women who don't look like supermodels, and only eight who do. The Australian magazine New Woman included a picture of a heavy-set model on its cover recently. This action produced a lot of positive comments from the magazine's female readers. Despite this fact, advertisers threatened to pull their sponsorship. This shows that advertisers know what they are doing when they include a woman whose body is unattainable to society at large."
Abstract This paper is a legal issue analysis of a newspaper or magazine article that discusses a legal aspect of a specific diversity issue - workplace harassment. This article offers a summary of the diversity issue, analysis of the legal issues and a presentation of thoughts and beliefs regarding this issue. The presentation is contextualized in terms of the challenges of managing that diversity issue within the workplace.
From the Paper "Restaurant Business revealed that the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is suing Cracker Barreland its parent for the alleged sexual and racial harassment of ten employees in three Illinois units of the restaurant chain. The E.E.O.C. alleges that the female workers had been subjected to sexual assaults, sexual propositions, obscene jokes and the circulation of pornography. The suit also alleges that some of the African-Americans among the ten employees represented by the E.E.O.C. were subjected to racial discrimination and harassment."
Abstract This paper discusses five factors that are believed to be significant in the occurrence and prevention of juvenile delinquency. It explores the ways in which the family, community, law enforcement, probation and courts can utilize the information to improve the juvenile justice system. Finally, the paper gives recommendations for future improvements to the juvenile justice system.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Family
Education
Environment
Social Status
Religion
Law Enforcement
Courts
Probation
Conclusion
From the Paper "With the recent influx of juvenile crime, especially serious crimes, the juvenile justice system has taken a lot of criticisms as to its mission and effectiveness. Society as a whole is becoming more interested which prompts law makers and law enforcers to take a harder look at the current system. During this paper, we are going to discuss five concepts that we believe to be the most significant social facts in the occurrence and/or prevention of juvenile delinquency. Those five concepts are family, education, environment, social status, and religion. Finally, we are going to discuss ways that we believe may help reduce juvenile delinquency in the future."
From the Paper "America has become so acclimated to the idea of divorce, in fairly recent times, that it is now considered a common phenomenon. Starting in the 1950"s, American society, as a whole, began to change the way it looked at an individual's familial obligations; emphasis on commitment towards the family changed to emphasis on commitment to the self. This ethical shift in priorities had a profound effect on ideas about the purpose and nature of family. Individual satisfaction within the family circle became as much, if not more, of a priority than such things as levels of income and attempts to boost children onto a higher rung on the socioeconomic ladder. When a partner did not receive this particularized satisfaction as part of the marriage, divorce offered that person a chance to make oneself over from the inside out. It enabled one to renovate the inner self and to acquire emotional assets that weren"t present before, like assertiveness, initiative, and a stronger self-image. Divorce can be an escape from irretrievably broken marriages and ones that are marred by emotional or physical abuse, or chronic infidelity."
Abstract This paper addresses teenage pregnancy from both a historical and a modern perspective. It examines how society perceives a young and unmarried woman, and does so in comparison with the roll of a man in that particular society. By an examination of the problems faced by women both before and after they are pregnant this paper attempts to explain why social factors are thought to contribute to teen pregnancy.
Abstract This paper examines the notion of multiculturalism in the United States. America has long been called "The Melting Pot" due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures, and ethnicities. Therefore, a wide debate has begun over how to educate today's children. The paper presents different arguments, including teaching all children about all cultures, only their native culture, or only the present culture they live in. Pros and cons of these and several other possibilities are presented as well as compared. Methods of education are also discussed, such as how to go about teaching multiculturalism, and the benefits it offers teachers, students, parents, etc.
From the Paper "It is difficult to say whether prejudice and discrimination are unavoidable. As far as I have witnessed and as far as our textbook is concerned it has always existed, whether we like to believe it or not it will probably always exist as well. Every society has its norms, from law to ritual to language, and every person within a certain society is taught to obey the norms that go along with where they live. Those who deviate from the norms that we have set for ourselves, or that our leaders have set for us, are considered to be "weird" by society's standards; the society is which you live is the only society which is going to matter. Those who deviate are labeled as wrong by our standards, for we punish them either through the legal system or through unfair treatment."
Abstract This paper looks at how feminist social theory has developed, starting with Mary Wollstonecraft's "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman", the first major work of feminist theory. Male theorists who developed and enforced the natural rights doctrine are discussed. The women's rights movement is seen to have its origins in the antislavery movement. The theories from the first and second waves of feminism are discussed as well.
From the Paper "Feminist social theory has begun to have an impact on sociology in terms of the validity of issues of sex, gender, and oppression; demanding the analysis of patriarchal power, social class and the definition of entitlement to the natural rights of a person. Gender along with age, ethnicity and class is regarded as one of the major dimensions of social inequality in human societies."
Abstract This short paper outlines the problems of homelessness that exist in America. The author gives a few options for solutions and compares homelessness of today and of the past, suggesting that loss of community and social life add to the problem.
From the Paper "We"ve all seen them on the street. Many of us have given them our spare change while passing by. Maybe you"ve even served them Thanksgiving dinner in a shelter somewhere. Perhaps you?ve felt an overwhelming sense of pity for them, or maybe a sense of detest and disgust. The point is, homelessness is a major problem in America. You can go to any major city and find homeless people on park benches, street corners, doorways, and stairwells. And in every city, you will see almost the same thing ? the average American passing by them while doing their best to ignore them ? this is how we have trained ourselves as a nation to react to this problem ? ignore it. It seems to big a problem to solve, so we ignore it as well as we can. Unfortunately, the last thing we should be doing is ignoring it ? the fact that there are citizens of our country who do not have the basic needs that we need as humans ? food, shelter, and clothing ? is horrendous. I"m going to add one more necessity to that list: love and acceptance. Not only are we ignoring their physical needs, but we don"t even think about their emotional needs. Luckily, I am not alone in my call to action on this subject ? many groups such as the National Coalition for the Homeless, Habitat for Humanity, the Salvation Army, PADS (a close to home organization ? PADS serves the southwest suburbs homeless community with shelters, food, and health care), Goodwill, newspapers and the rest of the media, and even some judges, lawyers, legislators, and other government officials join in the plea to solve this homelessness problem that seems so overwhelming."
