Abstract This paper provides practical criticism of Ehrenreich's study. The writer states that it was unrealistic and not thorough and he cites many specific shortcomings of the study. The writer shows that the study did not do enough to cover all the options of government aid available to a low paid wage worker and also that the person was fussy about which job to take.
From the Paper "Barbara Ehrenreich's Nickel and Dimed brings to light the low-wage America in all its stubbornness, nervousness, and astonishing openhandedness. It is a territory of Big Boxes, fast food, and a thousand frantic subterfuges for continued existence. Some people may advise others to read for the ablating clearness of Ehrenreich's point of view and for an infrequent analysis of how "opulence" seems from the bottom. Also, some people say after reading this book no one will ever look at a motel bathroom or a restaurant meal quite the same way again. However, there are many people who believe Ehrenreich's experiment living as a wageworker was poorly done. She failed to mention some of the main problems that they have. Those problems include shoes that are worn completely out, no means to get medicine if needed, childcare worries, and hopelessness and the sense of lack of control."
Correlates treatment of, & attitudes toward, women in opera of the 18th & 19th centuries to social treatement & attitudes toward women during those periods.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, 1988, $ 47.95
From the Paper " The role of women in opera in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries reflected their roles in the society that produced this opera, as would be expected. The roles of both men an women in opera are, of course, heightened from what one would expect in real life and often even beyond what is found in drama, with the grand gesture and the even grander emotion expressed not just musically but in attitudes and behaviors. Catherine Cl"ment finds indeed that the attitudes expressed in the opera toward female characters extended to the female members of the audience:
Where were women in the structure of this edifice" In their place, of course. . . . Nothing comes along to disturb the social pyramid that makes the audience itself an ornament of the opera. Nothing will come later, in the nineteenth century when romantic opera(...)"
From the Paper "When Joe McGinniss published his The Selling of the President 1968 in 1969, he shocked the reading public with his expose of how a political campaign was won by the "media manipulators." It was McGinniss's contention that Richard Nixon was marketed as the chief executive for the United States just like Madison Avenue would sell a package of cigarettes. In fact, the original dust cover of the book had that very image: the new president's face on a tobacco pack. It is the thesis of this paper that McGinniss was correct in his assertions, and that the 1968 campaign forever changed the way in which Americans judged and voted for presidential candidates.
McGinniss starts his book off with an epigraph from Nixon himself: "When style and charisma connotes the idea of ... "
From the Paper "The family unit is a society unto itself, dependent on certain rules and modes of conduct that should mutually support its members. However, stress and crises of varying kinds can force this functioning body to change in ways that can have detrimental effects on each member. Drug use can precipitate such a crisis. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how drugs, including alcohol, impact the family. As the research will show, life-long relationships, as well as the financial stability of the unit and the health of all members are affected as a result of these insidious substances.
"When people live together over a period of time, they develop patterns of relating to one another" (Lammana, 1991, p. 514). Any factor that disrupts these expectations marks the onset of a crisis. The insertion of drugs such as marijuana ..."
From the Paper "Using the metaphor of the theater to describe and explain how roles influence social life has more limitations than benefits. One of the early proponents of sociological drama theory was Erving Goffman. An overview of his concepts reveals that, among other shortcomings, drama theory fails to account for the role of the self in social interaction and the influence of environmental factors.
Goffman admitted that his sociological discourse focused not on the organization of society, but on social interaction (Giddens, 1988, p. 252). Drama theory assumes a pre-set stage. The actors perform on this stage, but play no role in its construction, remodel, or maintenance. It can be assumed that Goffman would be opposed to the notion that a person creates his or her own reality. The organization of society, however, does ..."
Abstract This paper discusses many forms of driver inattention on the road today. The paper states that Americans, and other drivers around the world, treat their cars like an extension of their homes: Eating, drinking, watching movies, talking on the phone, putting on make-up and even brushing their teeth in their cars, while driving. The author feels that the causes of these behaviors are our busy lifestyle, where we try to cram too much into each day.
From the Paper "Road rage is a relatively new problem to the country's drivers, and it has affected everyone who ever sits down behind the wheel. A study by the American Automobile Association's Foundation for Traffic Safety found a 51 percent increase between 1990 and 1996 in incidents of motorists behaving in an overtly hostile manner. They found that road rage has grown over 7 percent in the 90s'. "At least 1,500 men, women, and children are seriously injured or killed each year in the United States as a result of senseless traffic disputes and altercations."
Tags: driver, inattention, homes, busy, lifestyle, traffic, disputes, ban
Abstract This paper examines Abraham Maslow's theory of human development, which Maslow diagrammed as a hierarchy of needs. The paper provides a comprehensive description of this hierarchy, the base of which is formed by physiological needs, followed by social needs and culminating in self-actualization. The paper discusses the stages of early childhood development in relation to Maslow's hierarchy, and includes an overview of the developmental problems with abused children.
Table of Contents
Theory of Human Development
Physiological Needs
Safety/Order Needs
Social Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-actualization
Development Stages
Development Flaws in Abused Children
Bibliography
From the Paper "Abraham Maslow's theory of human development suggests that basic needs are physiological and that the ultimate at the top of the pyramid model is self-actualization, which implies an unattached human being realizing its full potential and autonomy (Maslow). Maslow's theory of human development involves moving from basic needs (food and shelter) to social needs (love and esteem) to the highest needs on his hierarchy, which lead to self-actualization. According to Maslow's theory, humans have several types of needs: physiological, safety/order, social, esteem and self-actualization (Maslow). These needs are the basis of his human development theory."
Abstract This paper discusses the sport of illegal street racing which, although seen by many as a dangerous and harmful activity is actually full of custom, tradition, and history. It shakes off the stereotype of street racing as just another juvenile crime group by showing that the majority of participants are in fact employed full-time, generally as mechanics, or in other trades such as carpentry, boiler making or shop fitting while others tend to be in full-time education, either at high school or ay local universities. It shows how although 18- to 25-year-olds make up the core the illegal street racing culture, the trend cuts across all races, as well as both genders and how it provides a drug-free and violence free society to compete in, while still earning respect from their peers.
From the Paper "The street racing sub-culture draws its main interest, however, due to two elements which also exist in the mainstream culture, those of masculinity, and the symbol of the car. Various sociological and criminological authors have discussed this link. Australian sociologist Rob White, in his book No Space of Their Own, focuses on the way in which, for many men, "the car becomes indelibly stamped into their consciousness as a key symbol of masculinity" (1990, 124-25). Criminologist Chris Cunneen (1985, 85) claims that the relationship is one of power, arguing, ?There is a necessity in seeing the way cars and motorbikes are symbolic objects of masculine power."
Abstract This paper looks at what causes poverty in order to ascertain what solutions there are to the problem. The author discusses how social activism would solve the issue stressing that the community must work together to solve the dilemma of poverty. It is emphasized how the poor must be seen as a productive part of society rather than a burden and their talents and skills utilized.
From the Paper "The world in which we live today is not only based on a capitalist ideology it also thrives on inequality. There are various social problems prevalent within it that include illiteracy, crime, racism, and of course poverty. Sociologists, economists and anthropologists have spent years researching how to overcome the problems that humans face within a community and have yet to reach a conclusive solution. It seems that most social problems are interrelated and create a vicious cycle that different nations and ideologies have failed to overcome. Through law we are able to control crime, through education we overcome illiteracy and racial bias but for some reason trying to create equilibrium in society with context to economics is proving impossible. Social strata's are becoming distinct, as the rich get richer and the poor-poorer."
Abstract Discussion of the federally funded nutrition program. Components of WIC including providing nutritious food, nutrition education, acces to health care to low-income pregnant women, new mothers and infants and children at nutritional risk. Nutritional makeup ot the WIC food package. Positive impact of WIC on its participants. Community welfare and economics.
From the Paper "This is an assessment of the WIC (Women, Infants and Children) program that has been in existence since 1972. The program was established by Congress in 1972 and authorized to go national in 1974. ?WIC is a cost-effective federally funded preventive nutrition program that provides nutritious foods, nutrition education, and access to health care to low-income pregnant women, new mothers, and infants and children at nutritional risk.? (FRAC, 2001) WIC, unlike other federal programs, is not an entitlement but receives funding through Congress annually.
WIC distributes a monthly food package to program participants that contains a prescribed combination of target foods. These are solely for the purpose of improving the nutritional quality of the program participants? diets and in such..."
Abstract Discusses challenges confronted by social workers and other counseling professinals who provide intervention and prevention services. Acting-out or delinquent behavior as a feature of adolescent depression disorders. Need for a working alliance between rehabilitation system caregivers, justice system professionals and parents. Theoretical causes of delinquency. Achieving desirable attitudinal change.
From the Paper "Counseling and Juvenile Rehabilitation
Social workers and other counseling professionals are confronted with the myriad challenges of providing effective intervention and prevention services to juvenile delinquents and other adolescents referred to juvenile rehabilitation centers (Miser, 1996). In the mental health literature, acting-out or delinquent behavior is recognized as an associated feature of adolescent depression disorders. These concerns, however, are seldom addressed in the delinquency literature, which tends to position delinquency and acting-out behaviors as independent of other potentially co-morbid conditions or disorders (miser, 1996). For professionals who work with this population, the literature indicates that working alliances between disparate rehabilitation system caregivers, justice system professionals, and parents a ..."
Abstract This paper provides evidence through studies and reports that mental illness shares a powerful relationship with homelessness. The mentally ill often suffer from symptoms that alienate them from supportive networks, thus leading them to homelessness. Bereft of stable living conditions, the mentally ill thus have an even more difficult time obtaining treatment to improve their condition. The paper shows that on the streets, these people are victimized by traumatic situations -- assaults by criminals and harassment by police. Concomitantly, social policies have contributed to the plight of many homeless people through de-institutionalization without providing support through community mental health services and the housing market. The paper shows that with the implementation of cost-effective and well-researched intervention, the relationship between homelessness and mental illness can be increasingly weakened.
From the Paper "However, in O"Dwyer's study (1997), the schizophrenic participants in the study also had an unhealthy and unstable home life (p. 301). Many of the younger participants ran away from home due to conflict with their parents (p. 301). The older respondents, who were more than fifty years old, led an itinerant lifestyle because of their work situations. They never considered themselves to be homeless even though their lifestyle meant that they never formed close and supportive relationships. Therefore when their illness prevented them from working, they did not have any supportive networks to assist them (O"Dwyer, 1997, p. 303)."
Abstract This paper examines several key concepts in group theory and group dynamics, and relates them to specific examples in the writer's own experience. It focuses on controversy, negotiation, power, demographics, performance, and building productive teams. All are important elements in the ability of a group to fulfill its reasons for coming together and to satisfy the individual participants who make up the group. Understanding these concepts helps to highlight several essential processes necessary to a group's success. Relating the theories found in David W. Johnson and Frank P. Johnson's text, "Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills", to specific examples from the author's own life helps to clarify how these principles work and how these theories can be applied outside the classroom.
From the Paper "Groups function in a variety of ways and as the result of different kinds of actions. One of the most significant processes seems on the surface to be the most potentially destructive, but controversy can actually help a group to come to a better resolution and work more effectively on future challenges. Controversy begins with individual assumptions that the group has all the information it needs to handle a crisis or make a decision, and the assumption that is then shattered through open discussion with others in the group. When discussion does not occur, controversy does not follow--and the group then suffers from faulty decisions."
Abstract Both Mary Wollstonecraft and Karl Marx developed ideas about the way society is formed and the way it should be formed and both did so in economic and social terms. The paper shows that there are considerable differences between the views they take on these topics. Each wanted to change society and each examined the nature of their society and determined what sorts of developments should be taken in the future. The paper examines Wollstonecraft's "Vindication of the Rights of Woman" (1792) and Karl Marx's class theory.
From the Paper "Marx and Engels do not speak of individuals as a rule but rather of classes, mass grouping of people according to economic and social position. In the perspective of Marx and Engels, the bourgeois society in which they lived was a system of class conflict and the domination of the bourgeois class over the proletarian class. They described the nature of this society not as an aberration but as a stage in social evolution, succeeding the feudal period and preceding the era of the dictatorship of the proletariat. This view was based on the idea that these stages were inevitable and that the only way for the proletariat to gain a better position in life was through revolution, through the violent overthrow of bourgeois society."
Abstract A recent study showed that nine out of every ten blacks (91 percent) who live to 75 years of age will have experienced poverty for at least one year during their lifetime, compared with only 50% of whites. Many of the children living in poverty in America are the children of African-American families headed by single females. This paper reviews the current literature on the social problem of poverty and single African American females.
From the Paper "Despite this gloomy assessment of poverty among Blacks, reports on the poverty rates among Blacks and Hispanics (Black poverty, 1998; Simms, 1998; Wilson, 1987) showed that there was a continued decline in the poverty rates. They indicated that the number of poor Blacks had dropped by 600,000 to 9.1 million as the poverty rate dropped from 28.4 percent to 26.5 percent in 1997, down from a staggering 35.7 percent in 1983. These numbers drove down the overall poverty rate for Americans from 13.7 percent in 1996 to 13.3 percent, according to the Census Bureau's annual income and poverty report."
