Abstract This report and debate was written as an English project. It focuses on why, as consumers, we place the blame for cigarette smoking solely on the distributors. This paper is meant as a defense for the Tobacco Industry. If you feel it would be helpful to learn more statistical information on smoking as well as a comparison between the arguments, it is provided in this report. Links are also provided so that you may find additional information directly from the organizations.
An look at how the leaders of the Civil Rights movement believed that racism was based on economics, and that the entire economic system of the United States and of the world was inherently flawed.
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, 2000, $ 38.95
Abstract The Civil Rights movement of the 1960s was not a movement for equality in the social or political sense; rather, it was a movement to bring an end to economic inequality and exploitation by the elites. Common perception holds that the Civil Rights movement sought to gain certain political and social rights and equalities. Measures such as the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act reinforced such flawed perceptions. However, when the works of the leaders of the Civil Rights movement are consulted, it is discovered that they were seeking economic equality. They believed that the fundamental cause of racism was a flawed economic system. It is important to note that they did not believe that poverty in the traditional sense caused racism and inequality. They believed, especially King and Carmichael, that the entire economic system of the United States and of the world was inherently flawed. This essay explore? their arguments why racism was based on economics, why the system was flawed, and how they hoped to change the system.
From the Paper "Munoz begins his study using the historical contributions of the Mexican Youth Conference and the group MAM. These organizations based their philosophy of advancement and upward mobility on the need for education above the secondary level. With an advanced education, these youths would become aware of and confront the much broader issues of their people within the U.S. as a whole. All of the actions of these movements, were grounded within the context of the American myth of democracy and the virtues of capitalism'. MAM was seen by outsiders as well as those within its membership, as a democracy in action, founded upon the greater values of the dominant society. I believe that Munoz sees this as an ambiguous philosophy, one that while helpful in the advancement of the. Mexican American youth, does not benefit the population as a whole. In fact, this course of action could be seen as detrimental because it fostered the belief that the youth were hindered by the lack of inspiration and encouragement to move towards a better education. "
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts two articles that deal with child development after the death of a parent, emphasizing research methods and usefulness.
From the Paper "The death of a parent is a very traumatic experience for anyone, but when it occurs in childhood, the effects may be monumental. The world of the child is completely changed and this may take its toll emotionally, physically and psychologically. However, every child is different, thus reactions may vary depending on age, sex and characteristics of the surviving parent. The surviving parent may be very confused on how to best handle the situation. When looking for information, both scholarly journals and more simple web pages can be helpful."
Abstract This essay attempts to elucidate the impacts of immigration focusing on Australian society. First, the impact of immigration from an economic point of view is explained. This is followed by a scrutiny of the social impact of immigration and a review of the environmental impact.
Abstract This paper looks at the methods used in the past to deal with juvenile offenders through the court, since the establishment of the first juvenile court in 1899.
From the Paper "The problem of dealing with juvenile justice has plagued are country for years, since the establishment of the first juvenile court in 1899. Prior to that development, delinquent juveniles had to be processed through the adult justice system which gave much harsher penalties. By 1945, separate juvenile courts existed in every single state. Similar to the adult system, all through most of the 20th century, the juvenile justice system was based upon a medical/rehabilitative representation. The new challenges of the juvenile court were to examine, analyze, and recommend treatment for offenders, not to deliver judgment fault or fix responsibility. The court ran under the policy of "parens patriae" that intended that the state would step in and act as a parent on behalf of a disobedient juvenile."
Abstract Ralph Ellison's use of "dark" and "light" motifs are explored in the construction of this tour-de force novel. The publisher argues that Ellison often inverts our traditional notions of dark and light, or black and white to help blur the line between right and wrong. The essay intends to examine the many different passages that deal with direct contrasts between the symbolic meanings of black and white (good vs. evil, or vice versa) and the passages indicating fundamental differences between literal and figurative blindness.
From the Paper "In this novel, there is a sense of good-men and bad-men, and the central journey of the novel is the narrator?s, as he tries to find both goodness, and self. In a sense, the Invisible Man is searching for the basic human goodness that he understands lies in all men. The novel portrays certain characters as these so-called good-men that must bear the ?white man's burden.? Such a burden is usually taken to mean the subordination of black men at the hands of the whites, but groups who appear on the surface to help the blacks often disguise its meaning."
"It must be noted that not all of man's darker side is repulsive to Ellison, because he often refers to certain good emotions that spring from this darker well of the human psyche. However, man does seem to have a darker side that is totally evil, a side that he tries to hide with rationalizing and conjecture."
Tags: black, catharsis, ellison, equal, literature, race, ralph, rights
Abstract Language is one of the most powerful emblems of social behavior. The relationship of language and society puts forward a field of study called sociolinguistics. It is the study of relationships between language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and how languages function in communication. This paper discusses what sociolinguistics is all about, looks at language, dialects, gender differences in speech and the issues of language and culture.
From the Paper "When two people communicate with each other, we call the system of communication they use language. In the normal transfer of information they also send vital social messages about who they are, where they come from, and with whom they are associated. To point out how much there is to say about language and society, let me refer to an example used by R.A.Hudson in Sociolinguistics. It pertains to a society of about 10, 000 Indians that occupy an area half in Brazil, half in Columbia. These Indians are divided in twenty tribes, which are grouped in five phratries. There are three crucial facts about this society that are subject to interest and present the relationship between society and language. First of all, each tribe speaks different language. Second, the five phratries are exogamous, which means that a man cannot marry a woman from the same phratry. Considering these two facts, we easily come to the following linguistic consequence: a man's wife must speak different language. The third crucial fact is that marriage is patriocal. A rule states that the woman speaks to her children using only her husband's language. The linguistic consequence is that a mother teaches her children a language she speaks as a foreigner (thus one can hardly call the children's first language their mother tongue). This Indian community can be referred to as a "sociolinguistic phenomenon". It is the perfect example for the complicated relationship language-societyand a clear answer to the question why we need sociolinguistics."
Abstract A critical analysis of contemporary art. The author focuses on Georgia O' Keeffe, a postmodern artist and examines her postmodern ideas about culture and gender that she communicates through her use of style, color content and artistic context.
From the Paper "Art represents human construction. Moreover, it is a mode of communication because its? meaning resides in encounters between an audience and an artifact. As such through her art, American painter Georgia O"Keeffe communicates not only the post-modern time in which she constructed, but also the cultural and gender influences that affected her color content and overall artistic context. In focusing upon the latter works of the prolific artist Georgia O"Keeffe one robs oneself of some, if not all of the formative aspects of her long and illustrious career. Particularly significant is that from 1950 forward to her death at 98 in 1986, not only did her health begin to fail her but her most precious gift ? that of her amazing eyesight ? robs this amazing artist of the very opportunities of expression she sought after the death of her husband in 1946."
Tags: art, painitng, picture, style, content, color
Abstract This paper looks at the positive and negative effects of ecstasy on its users. These effects include physical and mental effects in both the short and long term.. By looking at the drug, the author also get into Raves.
From the Paper "When the word "drugs" come to mind the average person usually thinks of the more commonly known drugs as marijuana, LSD, and cocaine, however, MDMA has been increasing in popularity. MDMA's popularity has caused a rise in usage in most cities around the world. Many adolescence conform with their peers in deciding to try and experiment with MDMA. Societies? youth believes that it is a "feel good" drug and that it does not have any negative effects. The drugs effects are supposed to produce feelings of empathy towards others and increase sociability, communication and increased physical and emotional energy. This can make the user feel as though they are taken from a secondary group with their peers to a more personal level of belonging, such as what they may experience in a primary group or in-group."
Abstract This essay critically analyzes what it means to be an American. The author attempts to investigate how the way in which we define ourselves within our racial or ethnic categories affects our identities as Americans.
From the Paper "One's identity and self esteem is constantly being molded by a number of ongoing factors. Culture a factor of many. A persons cultural upbringing predetermines how that specific person will live his or her life. It also determines how that person will respect other cultures, as well as his own. A complex nation is America, and the opinions of Americans can vary greatly. Mary C. Waters relays the concept of ?ethnic options,? which is a term which means the freedom to choose your ethnicity, based on the specific situation. Waters strongly believes that Americans with European ancestry are at a significantly greater advantage over non-Whites in America. Therefore, according to Waters, the ways in which we define ourselves within our racial and ethnic categories, can compliment or vanish our identities as Americans."
Abstract This paper examines the process of inclusion within the public education system. The author explains that there are exceptional legal, educational, and developmental issues that encourage the inclusion process.
From the Paper "Inclusion in the public school system is a mandatory process, influenced by both the American Disabilities Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendment. The inclusion process, however, can be seen to encourage democratic education in that all students ? regardless of disability ? are allowed to receive comparable education. Legal, educational, and developmental issues support this thesis."
Tags: disability, disabled, education, needs, special, student, students
Abstract This paper analyzes the food supply available in the world and compares it to the rapidly growing world population. The author examines world food distribution and how it effects world hunger arguing that distribution is unequal. Includes arguments by various critics.
From the Paper "The increase in food production over the past 200 years has been greater than the increase in population. So we ask, Why do nearly twelve million children per year die of hunger? That number is more than the number of people who died each year in World War II, and these are children, not soldiers, we are talking about. (Lappe 2). It has been proven that there is enough food in the world for everybody to be sufficiently healthy. The problem is that this food has not been distributed equally among countries. With the world's population expected to grow fifty percent by the year 2050 to 9.37 billion, What are the odds we can feed everybody then when we can"t even do it now" This is a question that has been studied, pondered, and written about extensively for years. Many people have different thoughts and opinions about it. Something definitely will have to be done in the future. The question is what."
Abstract This essay examines crime and deviance, looking at the different theories on what causes criminal behavior with the main focus on the family and childhood. The author pays particular attention to the case of serial killer Henry Lee Lucas, exploring his childhood and linking it to his criminal behavior.
From the Paper "Today, deviance and crime plague American society. There are vast degrees of deviance, from a simple shoplifter, to a car theft, to a killing machine with no conscience, otherwise known as the serial killer. But how is this killing machine created? Where and how does this type of criminal behavior begin? The answers to these questions must be addressed in order to stop the formation of this deviance. This essay will investigate the life of one of the most infamous serial killers, Henry Lee Lucas, to answer these questions. In the search for the answer, the question of nature vs. nurture is inevitably brought up. Scientists and psychologists have debated over whether a child's upbringing forms their behavior or whether they are born with a personality. Most scientists believe that biological dysfunctions and physical illnesses are the factors that bring on this type of deviance. Most psychologists will argue family, society, environment, and the media cause criminal behavior. While many factors contribute to this frightening deviance, but the root of criminal behavior lies in the home and the family structure of children."
Abstract This paper provides a detailed evaluation of Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar and innate Language Acquisition Device, which is central to the field of linguistics and psycholinguistics. It reviews the controversies surrounding Chomsky's theory and discusses alternative theories.
From the Paper "Language acquisition is undeniably biologically programmed as children all over the world, from varying cultures and linguistic environments produce the same levels of language at the same stages. Chomsky proposes that this is a direct result of Universal Grammar, which is an inherent part of every human mind. However, his theory of an innate Language Acquisition Device provokes controversy on two grounds. First is the debate between nature and nurture, with many theorists criticising Chomsky for dismissing any environmental factors. Second, is the dispute as to whether language acquisition is an independent innate faculty as Chomsky claims, or part of the child's wider cognitive development. Such disagreements demonstrate the enormous impact Chomsky's theory has had on the field of linguistics and reflects how ?the Universal Grammar theory is for many the central pillar in our understanding of language.? (Cook, V. Inside Language. Arnold. 1997, p249)"
