Vicarious Learning

Paper Summary:

This paper aims to observe the effectiveness of vicarious learning amongst children within the age groups of 6-16 and see how they tend to pick up little habits or clues from children who are smarter in class and then apply it in their own study curriculum. The paper explains the four different categories of vicarious learning and reviews the relevant literature. The paper discusses the methodology and procedures involved.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Question
Methodology
Participants
Apparatus
Procedure
Data Analysis
Limitations of the Study
Ethical Issues
Expected Results
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"Vicarious learning can be divided into four different categories. It is important to know and recognize all of these forms as they are crucial in understanding how and why certain groups of learners react or employ certain methods over the other and what that choice suggests about them as a learner. These four forms of veracious learning procedures are categorized in the effects they have on the adapter: 1) Modeling Effect 2) Eliciting Effect 3) Dis-inhibitory Effect 4) Inhibitory Effect (Bandura, 1971)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Bandura, A. (1965). Influence of models' reinforcement contingencies on the acquisition of imitative responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 589-595.
• Bandura, A. (1971). Vicarious-and self-reinforcement processes. In R. Glaser, (Ed.) The nature of reinforcement (pp. 228-278). New York: Academic Press.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Barr, R., Dowden, A., & Hayne, H. (1996). Developmental changes in deferred imitation by 6- to 24-month-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 19, 159-170.
• Bol, L., & Steinhauer, G. D. (1990). Decreases in behavior in vicarious reinforcement procedures. Psychological Reports, 66, 583-594.

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