Smoking Cessation

Paper Summary:

Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. One out of every five deaths is related to cigarettes. Every year 444,000 people die from smoking related causes (CDC, 2004). As of 2004, the Center for Disease Control estimates that 22.5% of all adults, 46 million people, smoke cigarettes in the United States. This paper examines current research on smoking cessation interventions and how the author acknowledges that there is much more work that needs to be done to ensure that interventions are designed through a person-centered model. Person-centered therapy or interventions are not possible if the research is not generalizable across the entire population.

From the Paper:

"Nicotine replacement therapy was introduced approximately twenty years ago. Today, nicotine replacement therapy is the most common type of smoking cessation pharmocotherapy treatment (Burton, Gitchell, & Shiffman, 2000). Nicotine replacement has been shown to be very useful in preventing short-term relapse. Nicotine replacement can be utilized in the form of gums and patches. These techniques deliver a controlled amount of nicotine into the blood stream over a certain period of time. Nicotine replacement procedures compensate for the physiological addiction to nicotine. Meta-analysis suggests that nicotine gum can increase the effectiveness of cessation interventions (Lam, 1987). However, a considerable part of its effectiveness seems to lie in its placebo value (Lichtenstein and Glasgow 1992). Utilizing 33 studies, Cepeda-Benito (1993) examined the effectiveness of nicotine replacement chewing gum verses a placebo treatment and a no-gum treatment control group."

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