A review of the social welfare aspects of of the Great Society and the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 with regard to single African-American mothers.
Written in 2008; 1,922 words; 10 sources; APA; $ 61.95
Paper Summary:
This paper reviews two approaches in social work to single African-American mothers and poverty. The first approach, practiced during the "Great Society" era of the 1960s and 1970s, focused on state-provided welfare, housing and other assistance for single African-American mothers and their families. The second era, starting with the Welfare Reform Act of 1996, focused on integrating poor African-American mothers into the workforce, and providing support services to insure that those mothers could support their children, learn a trade, and become self-supporting. Specifically, this paper presents a sociologically-oriented study of both approaches, establishing what works and why, and what elements can be improved. The paper discusses the two programs in three parts: (1) it explains the goals and implementation of the Great Society program, (2) it explains the goals and implementation of the Welfare Reform Act, and (3) it compares and contrasts the two programs, with a sociological analysis of the outcomes and consequences for social workers.
Outline:
Introduction
The Great Society: Goals and Implementation
Background and Purpose of the Great Society
Actual Implementation
The Social Challenge: Needed Assistance Wasn't Available
Welfare Reform Act, 1996
Background
Concerns about TANF and Current Welfare Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper:
"The ambitious programs called on a significant increase in social workers. At the time, there were only 2,000 social workers in HEW, but the need was estimated at 35,000 in order to implement the imperatives of the CAP and the "War on Poverty." The predictable result was that many of the new hires had no experience, academic or working, in social work. By the time of the renewal of the act, in 1967, Congress attempted to modify the AFDC, or Aid to Families with Dependent Children, portion of the act in order to address concerns about absent fathers. The perverse effect was that those who had a father present were penalized, while those who were single mothers without an actual, even common-law, husband found their welfare payments reduced. In addition, AFDC provisions paid single mothers additional monthly amounts for each new child. The result was that, by 1970, poverty had been reduced, but the rate of single-parent families increased substantially."
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