Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorders

Paper Summary:

This extensive paper explores the psychological phenomenon known as secondary traumatic stress disorder, which occurs with those working with victims of trauma. The paper highlights the symptoms of this disorder, and further emphasizes the importance of work with trauma victims in the new century. The author argues in favor of services being established in this emerging field that has been brought on by recent terrorism and natural disasters. The paper also includes a definition of a successful critical incident stress debriefing (CISD), a structured group-process firmly based on crisis-intervention and educational principles and techniques. The paper also includes two models that explain burnout and compassion fatigue. The author concludes by encouraging therapists to be aware of the possibility of secondary traumatic stress disorder and empathy fatigue in order to remain effective professionals.

From the Paper:

"People who work with victims of trauma often develop emotional and physical symptoms themselves. Common symptoms include anxiety, depression, irritability, digestive problems, fatigue and sleeplessness. Excessive demands on the practitioner's mental or physical resources can cause stress, resulting in a general disruption of the functions of the body and mind, putting both at risk. (Rand, 2003, p. 41)"

Sample of Sources Used:

• Arthur, N. M. (1990). The assessment of burnout: A review of three inventories useful for research and counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69,186-189.
• Arvay, M. J., & Uhlemann, M. R. (1996). Counsellor stress in the field of trauma: A preliminary study. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 30,193-210.
• Aguilera, D.C. and Messick, J.M. (1974). Crisis intervention: theory and methodology (2nd edition). St. Louis MO: Mosby.
• American Red Cross (1994.) Statement of understanding between the American Counseling Association and the American Red Cross. Falls church VA: Author.
• American Red Cross (1994). Disaster services regulations and procedures: disaster mental health services. Washington DC: Author.

More papers on Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorders:

• Research Proposal # 62980 : "Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome"
• Case Study # 100569 : "Substance Abuse in Veterans"
• Research Paper # 146274 : "Psychological Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse"

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