Pharmaceutical Chemistry: Levofloxacin

Paper Summary:

The paper focuses on levofloxacin, an antibiotic that has been used to treat pneumonia, sinusitis, urinary tract infections, bronchitis and exposure to anthrax. The paper describes the drug and how it is effective in the cure for pneumonia. The paper provides a description of its discovery, an evaluation to assess its efficacy and a discussion of the artificial route used in its dynamics. The paper also looks at clinical trials, post-launch market information and at comparisons to other drugs used for pneumonia in terms of suitable treatment.

Outline:
Introduction
Explanation of the Disease that the Drug is involved
and its Effects
Description of Discovery
Evaluation Used to Assess Efficiency
Artificial Route Used in its Dynamics
Information from ADME and Toxicology
Clinical Trials Date and Data
Post-launch Market Information
Comparisons to Other Drugs
Conclusions

From the Paper:

"In the previous years, the development of consecutive generations of antibiotics have been elevated and dissected to deter specific diseases. For example, fluoroquinolones with lesser generations such as "levofloxacin, grepafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin," (Ball, 2003, p. 647) has been formulated to deter various infections. Specifically, levofloxacin, an antibiotic has been used to treat an array of bacterial infections such as pneumonia, sinusitis, urinary tract infections, bronchitis and exposure to anthrax. It has also been used as an antidepressant and heartburn. This drug sternly damages the cell walls of the infecting bacteria avoiding any multiplication."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Amsden, C. et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Azithromycin versus levofloxacin in the outpatient treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis." Chest, 123 (2003): 772-777.
• Ball, P. "Efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in the context of other contemporary fluoroquinolones: a review." Current Therapeutic Research, 64, 9, (2003): 646-661.
• Chien, S. et al. "Double-Blind Evaluation of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Oral Once-Daily 750-Milligram and 1-Gram Doeses of Levofloxacin in Healthy Volunteers." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, (1998): 885-888.
• Chien, S. et al. "Levofloxacin Pharmacokinetics in Children." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45 (2005): 153-160.
• Croisier, D. et al. "Efficacy and pharmacodynamics of simulated human-like treatment with levofloxacin on experimental pneumonia induced with penicillin-resistant pneumococci with various susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 50, (2002): 349-360.

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