Pain and Three Nursing Conceptual Models

Paper Summary:

This paper discusses how pain is a global problem that affects all people during their life and how poorly treated pain is a major concern for the millions of Americans currently suffering with pain. It looks at how heath care strives to deliver optimal care and treat patients effectively and how the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has developed pain management quality standards that must be implemented by all health care organizations to be accredited. It shows how providers need help to integrate these standards for optimal pain management and how conceptual models developed by nursing theorists can be useful tools to guide clinical practice. In particular, it explores Orem's Self-Care Framework, Neuman's System Model, and Roy's Adaptation Model as examples of conceptual models that can be used to analyze possible approaches to solving health care problems and clinical concerns.

From the Paper:

"Roy's Model guides pain management with a nursing process, which includes a behavioral assessment, a stimuli assessment, nursing diagnosis, goal setting, plans for implementation, and evaluation. Each step takes into consideration the patient's perceptions and desires into account. Behavioral assessment is completed keeping in mind the four modes of adaptation. The four modes of adaptation are physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. This allows for a systematic and holistic approach in recognizing the patients' right to proper pain assessment. In the physiological mode, a thorough assessment investigates the underlying disease process of the pain. Once treatment is implemented for the illness or injury causing pain, the focus moves into the actual elimination of pain."

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