Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Paper Summary:

This paper describes oppositional defiant disorder, which is a complicated psychiatric problem that may occur in children or adolescents. The behaviors associated with this disorder are discussed, as well as the possible physiological roots of the problem. Treatment options are presented, which include therapy. The author concludes optimistically that this disorder may be overcome with appropriate intervention.

Outline
Definition
Studies
Treatment
Summary

From the Paper:

"A study was also done on "Mary", a 4 year old who developed oppositional defiant disorder in the setting of her military father's deployment to Bosnia (Daly, 2002). Mary's initial presentation was that of frequent temper tantrums and the tendency to hold her bowel movements, often resulting in soiling. The child demonstrated controlling and defiant behavior, escalating frequently into temper tantrums and frequent arguments with her mother. It is of note that the child demonstrated little difficulty at school and got along well with her six year old sister. Mary would frequently direct her mother on what to eat, and what clothes to wear, and demand that her mother get off the telephone, throwing a temper tantrum if her needs we not met. It is of note that the child, although noted to be very verbal in school reports and play, was unlikely to express her feelings surrounding her father's absence, and frequently would deny feelings of sadness even when her activity in play therapy would indicate the opposite was true."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Bernstein, D.A. & Nash, P.W. Essentials of Psychology (3rd Ed.). Boston, Houghton Mifflin. 484-488.
• Daly, C. (2002) Mary, a 4-year-old with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Military Medicine.167, 442-445
• Farley, S.E., Lutton, M.E., Scoville, C. What are effective treatments for oppositional and defiant behaviors in pre-adolescents? The Journal of Family Practice. 54,162-165
• Hodges, D. (2003). Brain works differently in aggressive youths. Medical Post. 39, 25.
• Keenan, K. & Wakschlag, L.S. Are oppositional defiant and conduct disorder symptoms normative behaviors in preschool? A comparison of referred and non-referred children. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2, 356-359.

More papers on Oppositional Defiant Disorder:

• Term Paper # 146026 : "Interventions for Oppositional Defiant Disorder"
• Descriptive Essay # 111841 : "Oppositional Defiant Disorder"
• Essay # 19150 : "Oppositional Defiant Disorder"

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