Motivation

Paper Summary:

This paper discusses how the most challenging continual responsibility for any manager is the motivating of employees. It looks at how the challenges of doing this well have been exacerbated by the expectations of what many employees expect in terms of both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards from work, including the opportunity to align their personal passions with those of their professions. The intent of this paper is to review the dominant theories and models of motivation, and explain how each can be used for creating motivational strategies that make sense for the specific needs of employees. Included is an assessment of change management strategies organizations use to better handle the transitions from one strategy to another, and as is often the case, from one organizational structure to another.

Outline:
Abstract
Review of Motivational Theories
Maslow's Need Hierarchy
McClelland's Learned Needs Theory
Vroom's Theory
Adams's Theory
Skinner's Theory
Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Analyzing Herzberg's Motivation Hygiene Theory
Hertzberg's Model of Two Needs
Creating Strategies Based on Hygiene Factors in an Organization
Creating Motivation Strategies in Organizations
Making Job Enrichment Work
Keeping Motivation Focused While Managing Change
Overview of the DICE Model
Managing Motivation Where the Only Constant is Change

From the Paper:

"Herzberg (1968) distinguishes between movement and motivation. When a task is completed so the person can obtain their compensation, the person has only moved. As long as there is remuneration, the person will move, but if the remuneration dries up, the movement will also stop. Herzberg makes the assumption that motivation includes commitment and enjoyment of the work or task at hand. Motivation is therefore an internal process that gets activated by a need or a motive. Herzberg's delineation of these two types of motivation elements is quite different than other theories that focus first on the environment and surrounding factors in addition to the inherent nature of the work. The analysis and explanation of external factors and the broader environment also play a role in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. "

Sample of Sources Used:

• Backer (1973:10) - Motivating Workers. Johannesburg: McGraw-Hill
• (Chapman (n.d. [1])).- Frederick Herzberg Motivational Theory [Online] Available from: http://www.mftrou.com/frederick-herzberg-theory.html Accessed on February 10, 2007.
• Daryl R. Conner (1993) - Managing at the Speed of Change. Villard Books, 1993.
• Davenport (1992) - Process Innovation: Reengineering Work through Information Technology. Harvard Business School Press. October 1992.
• Dyche (2002) - The CRM Handbook. Jill Dyche. Addison-Wesley Pearson Education. ISBN 780201 730623.

More papers on Motivation:

• Case Study # 115207 : "Employee Motivation in a Dynamic Work Environment"
• Research Paper # 111257 : "Teachers' Influence on Primary School Motivation"
• Term Paper # 146418 : "Theories of Motivation for the Workplace"
• Essay # 138014 : "Human Motivation and Group Work"

APA Citation:

MLA Citation: