Manipulatives

Paper Summary:

In this article, the writer researches hands-on manipulatives use in mathematics. This work explores the historical perspective, the effects on education and the supporting theories. In addition, the writer looks at what research has been thus far conducted. Finally, this work researches the special benefits of using algebra tiles. The writer maintains that it is significant to note that algebraic functions are mathematical processes involving abstract or symbolic representation. The writer concludes that it is quite difficult for the beginning algebra student to conceptualize the processes and functions of algebra; however, the use of manipulatives has been shown to assist in this area, making their use in algebra instruction particularly effective in classroom instruction.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
What are Math Manipulatives?
Why Use Math Manipulatives?
How Should a Teacher Use Math Munipulatives?
Summary
What
Why
How

From the Paper:

"Today's mathematics teacher has many resources that are available in assisting the development of appropriate curricula that meets the content standards of the NCTM. Not only are standard tools available but the Internet also offers several web-based learning activities that assist mathematics learning and instruction. Before this development, the teacher often would contact businesses in the community in order to obtain 'real-world' manipulatives for use in the classroom. The work of Shield holds that web-based tools motivate students in learning mathematics content but also the delivery of the information is interesting to the student."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Allsopp, D.H. (1999). Using Modeling, Manipulatives, and Mnemonics with Eighth-Grade Math Students. Teaching Exceptional Children, 32, 2, 74-79.
• Burns, M. (1996). How to Make the Most of Math Manipulatives. Instructor, 105, 7, 45-51.
• Babbitt, B. & Miller, S. (1996). Using hypermedia to improve the mathematics problem-solving skills of students with disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29(4), 391-401.
• Bagley, D. (2004) A Brief History of the Abacus. Online available at: http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/abacus/history.html
• Boss, Suzie (2002) Looking for the Furrowed Brow: Helping math Strugglers Succeed. Targeting Learning with Differentiated Instruction. Math Science Journal. Vol. 3. No. 3. Spring 2002. Online available at: http://www.nwrel.org/msec/nwteacher/spring2002/looking.html.

More papers on Manipulatives:

• Research Paper # 98690 : "Hands-On Manipulative in School"
• Essay # 103177 : "Manipulatives in Mathematics Curriculum"
• Essay # 86405 : "Use of Manipulation Under Anesthesia"

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