Paper Summary:

This paper discusses how in the context of culture, many factors have been considered to constitute the basis of differentiations between various cultures, such as: national character, language, thinking, behavior, values, time and space concept, social grouping and non-verbal communication. This paper focuses on -verbal communication and how it affects the communication in organizations, namely multinational ones. It looks at how the cross-cultural communication becomes more and more challenging in the context of globalization and how non-verbal elements are important as the lack of knowledge about them can distort dialog messages and knowledge about it can enhance dialog outcome.

Outline:
Introduction
Theories
Literature review
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"A good example for the close relationships and emotions characteristics involves Asian and Western societies. Asians like to take their time and build relationships before getting down to business. Body language becomes a negotiation tool. Also, a large part of the communication process is implicit, indirect, and rather suggestive. Westerners are direct and explicit (Abdullah, 1996) and when it comes to the way they negotiate, they just want to get down to business. The comparison between Asian and Western individuals can provide good examples for direct and indirect communication. High context communication implies indirect messages. The person initiating the dialogue expects the interlocutor to understand the message without saying it out loud completely. This is typical for Asian cultures. Western cultures use direct, clearly defined messages, while communicating, which for the Asian cultures may come as offending in some circumstances. "

Sample of Sources Used:

• Abdullah, A. 1996. Going Global: Cultural Dimensions in Malaysian Management. Malaysia: Malaysian Institute of Management.
• Basabe, N., Paez, D., Valencia, J., Gonzalez, J.L., Rime, B., Pennebaker, J. y Diener, E. 1999. El Anclaje Sociocultural de la Experiencia Emocional de las Naciones: Un Analisis Colectivo. Boletin de Psicologia, vol. 62: pp. 7-42.
• Birdwhistell, R. 1970. Kinesics in Context. University of Pennsylvania Press: Philadelphia.
• Dunn, L. 1999. Nonverbal Communication: Information Conveyed through the Use of Body Language. Missouri Western State University.
• Fernandez, I., Carrera, P., Sanchez, F., Paez, D. and Candia, L. 2000. Differences Between Cultures in Emotional Verbal and Non-verbal Reactions. Psicothema, vol. 12: pp. 83-92.

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