Liberation Movements in Africa

Paper Summary:

This paper examines how from the 1950s until the 1970s, Angola had experienced great internal turmoil as its native population strived to liberate itself from historic Portuguese colonial powers. It also looks at how did South Africa showed great strife in the years following WWII as its overwhelming and overwhelmed black majority and their sympathizers attempted to gain freedom from the ruling white National Party and Apartheid. The paper looks at three key developments in the liberation of each southern African nation: mass mobilization, diplomatic activity, and armed struggle.

From the Paper:

"In 1985, the Security Council of the United Nations vehemently came out in retaliation of South Africa's invasion of Angola. The UN Chronicle from September 1 of that year notes that the Council not only condemned South Africa for its actions, but also demanded that South Africa "unconditionally" withdraw forthwith all its "occupation forces" from Angola, cease all acts of aggression against that country, and scrupulously respect its sovereignty and territorial integrity. Angola was, it stated, entitled to "appropriate redress and compensation for any material damage it has suffered." ("Security Council Condemns South Africa for `Premeditated, Sustained Invasions' of Angola") Yet this development and international condemnation was not the first time that these nations came to the world's attention because of political unrest. "

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