Kyoto Protocol

Paper Summary:

The paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol which became effective in February 2005. The paper discusses how the United States has stayed out of the Protocol as it feared that accepting the Protocol would give the developing countries like India and China an unfair advantage. The paper further examines how the Bush government has faced severe criticism for its opposition to Kyoto Protocol both internationally as well as from general public and state governments, while a few states have taken steps to reduce green-house gasses (GHG) by regulating on state level. The paper shows that even if America does not meet the Kyoto targets it will be able to show considerable progress in GHG reduction to satisfy its own public opinion as well as the international community.

Table of Contents:
Summary
Introduction
Environmental Policies of Past Governments
i) President Regan Environmental Approach
ii) President Bush Senior's Environmental Policies
iii) President Clinton and Global Warming
iv) President G. W. Bush Junior Actions on Kyoto Protocol
Europe's Views on US Defiance
Public Opinion on Global Warming
Congress Views on GHG Controls
State Policies on Global Warming
US Policies on Environment
President Bush's Alternative to Kyoto Protocol
Conclusions
Bibliography

From the Paper:

"Environmental issues have gained high public importance and can win or loose local senate and even presidential election. The 2004 election was probably the first where candidate of both political parties avoided the issues relating to the environment. The public pressure and that of environmental lobbies makes the government enact environmental regulations. The business lobby, on the other hand knows that implementing environmental measures adds to the cost of doing business and deprives them of business opportunities due to environmental concerns."

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