A discussion on Italian national identity during the Middle Ages.
Written in 2007; 1,377 words; 2 sources; MLA; $ 46.95
Paper Summary:
The paper describes how, following the Viking invasions of Europe in the 9th and 10th centuries A.D., significant changes were brought about in the political and social organization of Western Europe. In essence, Europeans during this time supported various types of leadership, but only if an effective means of defense could be maintained and controlled, such as in northern Italy with its urban bishops. The paper examines how Italy rose hard against all other Western European countries to become the crowning glory of western art and literature during the Renaissance era.
From the Paper:
"As the power of the Lombard courts diminished, the cities which they governed grew more and more independent and during the Hungarian and Saracen invasions, it was the cities of Italy under the leadership of their bishops that became the main centers of resistance. As a result, the Italian kings granted the urban bishops extensive powers and privileges, such as the right to construct walls and fortified towers and to collect tolls and public revenues in order to finance the building of these and other defensive structures. By the early 900's A.D., "the cities of Italy had been granted full exemption from the jurisdiction of the counts which in effect allowed the bishops to seize control of not only the defensive elements but also the revenues and courts of justice" (Wickham 156)."
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