International Shipping

Paper Summary:

This paper examines how the latest scientific and technological developments have had a massive impact on the trade and industry in the recent year and how international shipping is no exception. It discusses and analyses the development of international shipping industry and seeks to provide an overview of the liner and bulk shipping in the following three sectors: ship, port and inland transport systems, respectively. It also emphasizes liner shipping (containerships) in the container terminals sector.

From the Paper:

"As trade changes, so do the ports and there is no such thing as a typical port. Each has a mix of facilities designed to meet the trade of the region it serves.(Stopford,M ,1997). However, it is possible to generalize about the type of port facilities which can be found in different areas. Consequently, today the port can be further divided into four types: small local ports, large local ports, large regional ports and regional distribution centres. The last of these has a wide role as a distribution centre for cargo shipped in very large ships, requiring distribution to smaller local ports. These ports such as Rotterdam, Hong Kong and Shanghai, consist of a federation of specialist terminals, each dedicated to a particular cargo."

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