India and Pakistan

Paper Summary:

This paper explains that India and Pakistan have been arch-rivals since the partition of the sub-continent that took place more than 50 years ago; their animosity goes back a long time and finds its main causes in religion and history. The paper shows how this animosity has turned into a deadly arms race. The author points out that Pakistan never accepted the accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India. The paper relates that the culture of medieval terrorism has spread throughout Pakistan because the Pakistan government has permissive attitudes towards terrorism and uses Islamic Jihad terrorism against India.

Table of Contents
History of India and Pakistan Relations
Independence and Partition
The Fight for Pakistan's Independence
War and Revolt
The Kashmir Conflict and the Wars Fought between India and Pakistan
Civil Unrest in the State of Jammu and Kashmir before the Issue of Accession
The Transfer of Power in the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947
Accession
The Plebiscite
First Indo-Pakistani War over the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Second Indo-Pakistani War over the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Third Indo-Pakistani War
The Current Situation in the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Social and Economic Problems in Pakistan and India
Effect of September 11th on India and Pakistan
Pakistan
India
The Culture of Terrorism
The Nuclear Capabilities of the Two Countries

From the Paper:

"In 1931, the Maharaja's officials in the Jammu Province disrupted many different Muslim prayer congregations and insulted the Holy Quran. This caused a massive outrage among the Muslim community. The Muslims held many meetings and processions. At a meeting, Abdul Qadeer delivered a violent speech against the Maharaja. He was arrested by the police and charged for sedition. During his trial, the police shot a crowd of Muslim protesters outside the Srinagar Central Goal, taking the lives of twenty-two demonstrators and a policeman. This day is known as "Martyrs Day" in the history of Kashmir, marked as the beginning of the struggle of the Muslim Kashmiris for independence from the Indian government."

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