Paper Summary:

The paper evaluates the effects of neonatal hearing loss on the quality of bonding with hearing parents, bonding in general, bonding of parents to special needs children, the interaction of hearing parents with the deaf infants and the psychosocial stressors on parents with special needs children. The paper reviews the procedures surrounding universal newborn hearing screening, its effectiveness and the satisfaction parents feel with currently used hearing screening processes.

Outline:
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS)
False positives
Parent-Child Interaction
Typical Mother/Child Interaction
Attachment
Parental Stress
Methods for Assessing Interaction and Bonding
Conclusions

From the Paper:

"Definitions are often helpful before a full literature review is undertaken. For the purposes of this study, we shall consider congenital permanent hearing loss to be defined as impairment > 40 decibels (dB) at the time of screen, relative to the threshold level. This level is considered significant in that hearing loss at this level is associated with greater than average deficit in verbal compared with non-verbal abilities up to 25 intelligence quotient (IQ) points (Yoshinaga-Itano, 1998)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Yoshinaga-Itano C, Sedey AL, Coulter DK, et al. (1998) Language of early- and later identified children with hearing loss. Pediatrics 102:1161-71
• Kennedy CR. Neonatal screening for hearing impairment. (2000) Arch Dis Child83:377-82
• Davis A, Bamford J, Wilson I, et al. (1997) A critical review of the role of neonatalhearing screening in the detection of congenital hearing impairment. HealthTechnol Assess: 1-177
• Russ SA, Rickards F, Poulakis Z, et al. (2002) Six year effectiveness of a population based two tier infant hearing screening programme. Arch Dis Child86:245-50
• Wessex Universal Hearing Screening Trial Group. Controlled trial ofuniversal neonatal screening for early identification of permanent childhoodhearing impairment. (1998) Lancet; 352:1957-64

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