Global Sanitary Health Conditions

Paper Summary:

This paper explains that home-based care is a strategy increasingly relied on by many countries adversely affected by HIV/AIDS because they have weak health systems and infrastructures and are overwhelmed by the volume of patients requiring long-term care, and yet, their sanitation and hygiene, which underpin these home care strategies, are often poor. The author uses variables such as the number of people living with HIV, GDP/Capita (US$), expenditure on health per capita (US$), access to improved water resources in urban and rural areas, access to better sanitation facilities in urban and rural areas, prevalence of contraceptives (which serves to explain the sexual behavior) and the number of new tuberculosis (TB) cases detected in a year. The paper is based on a statistical regression procedure including ANOVA on all the selected variables with the number of people with HIV and tuberculosis living in 70 countries; the data is reported by organizing these countries into global regional zones.

Table of Contents
Analysis of Data for the World
AFR (African Region)
HIV
Tuberculosis
South-East Asian Region
HIV
TB Cases
West-Pacific Region
HIV
The Eastern Mediterranean Region
HIV Cases
TB Cases
American Region
Data
HIV Cases
TB Cases
European Region (EUR)
HIV Dependent
Concluding Remarks

From the Paper:

"While in many African countries, everyone is vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, the people worst affected are those living in poor, over crowded areas that lack adequate sanitary facilities, water supply, and medical care. Having a potable water supply and latrine close to one's home is a basic human right. Access to adequate water supply and sanitation facilities helps people to live healthier lives, free from the risks of water and sanitation related illnesses and affords them the dignity that is due to them being human being. For a person living with HIV/AIDS access to water and sanitation facilities is especially critical. The risks posed by poor facilities can be fatal. It is an undeniable fact that poverty goes hand-in-hand with inadequate hygiene and sanitation facilities and people living in over crowded slum areas severely face this inadequacy. It is observed from the data obtained from WHO that the incidence of HIV is positively correlated with absolute poverty (in terms of income <$1) by a factor 0.25 and with the Gini coefficient by a factor of 0.21. In this study, data have been analyzed on various variables and has made an effort to explain the correlations and trends for each of the regions classified by the WHO."

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