Paper Summary:

The paper explores past and current research into male and female expression and experience of emotion. The paper examines the nature of women's rates of depression and analyzes the parents' role in directing emotional behaviors in children. A study that showed how men and women use different emotional criteria when they judge matters, such as visits to hotels is also examined. The paper comes to the conclusion that men and women are not experiencing emotion differently, but they may express this emotion in different ways. The paper contends that men and women's upbringing and outsiders' interpretation of their reactions means that they are forced into gender stereotypes where stoic behavior is masculine, and emotional behavior is feminine.

Outline:
Some Research on Gender and Emotion
Current Differences
Women and Emotions
Children and Emotions
Emotions and Hotels
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"The differences in emotional expression between the two sexes are a matter of common knowledge: men are strong, silent types, and women weep openly and suffer 'PMT'. These differences are not seen as cultural and social, but part of the everyday biology of men and women. However, in academic circles, the question of how, why, and even if, men and women express emotion differently has become a matter of keen debate, with a number of articles appearing concerning issues of biology, social upbringing, culture, and even whether men and women concentrate upon different emotions when they are staying in hotels. The significance of these questions for Psychology, aside from individual implications in clients, is the question of whether these issues reach to the heart of male/female difference, or whether they are simply another example of the discrimination against the sexes."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Barsky, Jonathan (2004) Men, women expect different emotions during hotel stays. Hotel and Motel Management From FindArticles.com http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3072/is_6_219/ai_n6017231
• Callahan, J. Hasler, M. and Tolson, H. (2005) Perceptions of Emotion Expressiveness: Gender differences among senior executives. Leadership and Organization Development Journal Volume 26, Number 7.
• Darwin, Charles Chapter VI Special Expressions of Man: Suffering and Weeping from http://human-nature.com/darwin/emotion/chap6.htm Darwin is the Author, Human-nature.com authors Pitchard, I, and Young, R. (2005)
• De Oca, B. (2000) Women, Men and the Communication of Emotion: are There Physiological Difference Underlying the Expressive Differences American Association of Behavioural and Social Sciences Journal (Makepeace, J. editor) from http://aabss.org/journal2000/F25Oca.jmm.html
• Eisenman, Russell (2006) Evolutionary Psychology Insights Regarding Human Sexuality Europe's Journal of Psychology from http://www.ejop.org/archives/2006/11/evolutionary_ps.html

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