A look at the effect of epigenetic mechanisms in geneticaly modified mice.
Written in 2008; 892 words; 4 sources; APA; $ 31.95
Paper Summary:
After a general introduction into various methods of genetic engineering and the effects it can have on plants and animals, this paper describes a particular research into whey acidic protein promoters in mice as they can be used to study the RAS oncogenes in human tumors.
From the Paper:
"Genetic engineering can involve different ways of manipulating genetic material in plants or animals, intending to produce different kinds of plants or animals. Among the reasons for doing so are to control for disease, alter certain characteristics, add completely new characteristics, and generally change the strain of the plant or the animal. Such experiments can be uncertain, since it is never certain what effects the manipulation of genetic material may have. Some genetic engineering has long taken place through the breeding of animals and plants for specific traits, but more recently it has been possible to make such changes at the genetic level and to produce new species virtually overnight and on a much wider basis, leading, for instance, to new crops with different characteristics from older crops of the same sort, such as higher yield, resistance to disease, the ability to repel insects, and so on. On the one hand, there have been concerns about making such changes, as if they might lead to new species that would destroy older crops, create new diseases, and so threaten the production of food or threaten human life more directly, a science fiction scenario that has not yet come to pass. Another concern, and one more difficult to refute, is these new foodstuffs may harm human life in the long run in ways not yet foreseen. Wright (2002) cites a report by a National Research Council committee that Athe most significant risk associated with animal biotechnology is the potential effect on the environment. In particular, the committee said that if engineered animals escaped into the wild, they could endanger native species@ (Wright, 2002, p. 4). No human risks were identified by this report, but it was noted that this might not prove there were none given that animal biotechnology is a new and changing field."
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