Paper Summary:

This paper analyzes Executive Order 12898 signed by Bill Clinton in 1994. The author's objective is to determine if Executive Order 12898 has assisted the Environmental Justice Movement in achieving environmental protection for all communities. The paper discusses in detail the responsibilities of each of the federal Bureaus and what they are expected to do under the Environmental Justice Act. The effects of the equitability of the Superfund Program after Executive Order 12898 was passed are also analyzed. The author includes a case study of the battle for environmental justice on Chicago's South side. The author concludes that low income families are still negatively affected even after Executive Order 12898 was passed.

Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Background
Various Forms of Equity Described
Examination of Cultural Resources
Environmental Justice: Cleanup
Executive Order 12898
Effects of Executive Order 12898
Chicago Land Areas and Environmental Justice
Methodology
Results
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"On February 11, 1994, President Bill Clinton signed Executive Order 12898 on Environmental Justice: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations. This order directs each federal agency to develop an environmental justice strategy for identifying and addressing disproportionately high and adverse human health, or environmental effects of its programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations. Monies were allocated to federal agencies and state governments assisting communities to develop strategies toward local environmental problems.
Executive Order 12898 reinforces the 45 year-old Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VI, which prohibits discriminatory practices in programs receiving federal funds. The order also focuses the spotlight back on the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), a 40 year old law that set policy goals for the protection, maintenance and enhancement of the environment. NEPA's goal is to ensure for all Americans a ''...safe, healthful, productive, and aesthetically and culturally pleasing environment, NEPA requires a detailed statement on the environmental effects of proposed federal actions that significantly affect the quality of human health.'' (paraphrased)"

Sample of Sources Used:

• Bullard, Robert D. (1998) Environmental Justice in the 21st Century. Environmental Justice Resource Center. Online available at: http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/ejinthe21century.htm
• O'Neil, Sandra George (2007) Superfund: Evaluating the Impact of Executive order 12898. Environmental Health Perspectives - VOLUME 115 | NUMBER 7 | July 2007. Online available at: http://www.ehponline.org/members/2007/9903/9903.pdf
• Pellow, David Naguib (2004) Garbage Wars: The Struggle for Environmental Justice in Chicago. MIT Press 2004. Google Books Online available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=P_8g761DKFAC&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=Environmental+Justice+Movement,+Chicago,+Executive+Order+12898&source=bl&ots=ZC3pkDW6PB&sig=lwIdweolIL9q613JulaJ1RKvrCs&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPA81,M1
• Sriraj, P.S., Fruin, Geoff, and McNeil, Sue (2003) Analysis of the Environmental Justice Compliance of the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA)"Proceedings of the 2003 Mid-Continent Transportation Research Symposium, Ames, Iowa, August 2003. (c) 2003 by Iowa State University. The contents of this paper reflect the views of the author(s), who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein.
• What are Cultural Resources (2009) National Preservation Institute - Tools for CRMs. Online available at: http://www.npi.org/NEPA/whatare.html

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