Written in 2008; 7,307 words; 108 sources; APA; $ 162.95
Paper Summary:
This paper looks at the problem of obesity and presents details of a study with the hypothesis that college students who receive an educational nutrition booklet and teachings on the balance of caloric intake and exercise will have a significant gain in knowledge, over those students who receive an educational nutrition booklet and self study only. The paper provides a detailed literature review with a large number of studies that highlight the importance of both nutrition and exercise for maintaining a healthy body and averting obesity.
Outline:
Chapter 1
Definitions and Conceptualizations of Three Variables
Calorie (Energy Intake)
Exercise (Energy Expenditure)
Nutritional Knowledge
Chapter 2
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Literature Review
The Dilemma of Obesity
A Concise Description of BMI
A Concise Description of Energy Balance
A Concise Description of Specific Dynamic Action
A Concise Description of Energy Consumption
Obesity Rates amongst Minority Ethnic Groups in America
Obesity and College Students
Origins of Obesity and the Urban/Suburban Environment
Efforts to Control Obesity
The Changed Preferences for Eating Food
The Different Accessibilities to Food and Exercise
Conclusion of Chapter 2
Chapter 3: Methodology
Hypothesis
From the Paper:
"More and more people are becoming victims of obesity. While on one hand, the precise causes of this disease are still unclear, the general conclusion most scientists have agreed upon is the disparity between the energy consumed and the energy used. This is to say, obesity occurs when individual lifestyles lead towards excessive food consumption and little to no energy-utilization activities. Zakus (1982) in his study pointed out that certain ailments, namely, Frohlich's, Klinefelter's, Praeder Willi, Klein-Levin, Lawrence Mood Biedl, and Mauriac syndromes, are the underlying causes of childhood obesity. However, these cases, he points out, occur in less than 5% of children (Zakus, 1982).
"Scientists have also explored the possibility of family genetics as a possible cause of obesity. A number of studies have examined the growth and development of twins in order to figure out this the obesity mystery. World Health Organization (1997) summarized a number of studies which pointed out that the approximately 25% to 40 % of BMI is genetic in nature (World Health Organization, 1997). Stunkard et al. (1990) pointed out that twins that have been raised apart have a BMI of 0.7 percent (BMI of 1 is considered to be perfect); this is slightly lower than the BMI of twins who have been raised jointly (Stunkard, 1990). In addition, Bouchard et al (1990) in his study used a sample of two twin-pairs. Both twin pairs had been subjected to overfeeding and it was assumed that the results would reveal gain in weight for both twin pairs. However, the results showed that the first twin-pair gained more weight than the second twin-pair (Bouchard et al, 1990). It is clear from the aforementioned studies that genetics play some role in weight gain. However, genetics do not change as drastically as the weight gain being witnessed amongst both children and adults all over the world. Therefore, while the study of genetics is important to explain certain obesity trends, variations in the energy balance (energy intake and energy used) has got to be the primary focus of researchers if they are to figure out the obesity mystery."
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