Effort-Reward Imbalance

Paper Summary:

This study investigates two hypotheses related to effort-reward imbalance (ERI). The paper discusses the role of negative effectivity in the work stress process. It analyzes the reverse causation theory, that argues that people with high negative effectivity such as anger, are cynical towards their work environment because they tend to focus on the negative aspects of their world. It then compares this to the idea that the work environment itself can increase the negative effectivity or trait emotions of individuals.

From the Paper:

"However, the results did not support the hypothesis that the anger expression variables of anger in and anger out would mediate the relationship between trait anger and CVD symptoms. The SES indicator variable 'average salary' had a significant negative association with trait anger and an indirect association with CVD symptoms in the model. The results indicated that a person with a lower average yearly salary might have an increased chance of experiencing high trait anger and CVD symptoms. These results also support other research linking low SES to CVD (Kuper et al., 2002)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Akerstedt, T., Fredlund, P., Gillberg, M., & Jansson, B. (2002a). Work Load And Work Hours In Relation To Disturbed Sleep And Fatigue In A Large Representative Sample. Journal Of Psychosomatic Research , 53, 585_/588.
• Akerstedt, T., Knutsson, A., Westerholm, P., Theorell, T., Alfredsson, L., & Kecklund, G. (2002b). Sleep Disturbances, Work Stress And Work Hours: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal Of Psychosomatic Research , 53, 741_/748.
• Ancoli-Israel, S. & Roth, T. (1999). Characteristics Of Insomnia In The United States: Results Of The 1991 National Sleep Foundation Survey. I. Sleep , 22(Suppl. 2), S347_/S353.
• Angst, J., Vollrath, M., Koch, R., & Dobler-Mikola, A. (1989). The Zurich Study. Vii. Insomnia: Symptoms, Classification And Prevalence. European Archives Of Psychiatry And Neurological Sciences , 238, 285_/293.
• Australian Bureau Of Statistics (1997). Australian Standard Classification Of Occupation (Asco) (2nd Ed., Data File).Available From Australian Bureau Of Statistics Website: Http://Www.Abs.Gov.Au/Ausstats/Abs@.Nsf/

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