Chromium Studies

Paper Summary:

The paper evaluates some of the predominant methods of remediation of chromium contaminated sites. The paper notes that the methods employed are divided into two types: removal from the soil (in which various chemical extractants are used to flush chromium from the site) or immobilization in the soil (in which reducing agents are used to break down dangerous forms of chromium). The paper examines several of the more promising methods of remediation currently being employed, and concludes with a discussion and analysis of the methods in terms of their real-world applicability.

Outline:
Introduction
Remediation Methods
Discussion

From the Paper:

" Chromium contamination, especially contamination of Cr(VI), is a significant environmental hazard. It will have a significant effect on the quality of the soil and the quality of the groundwater. Because of this, it is very important that effective and practical remediation techniques be developed that can chemically remove or immobilize the presence of chromium at the site. After briefly examining some of the methods currently being developed, which can be roughly divided into extractive versus immobilization techniques, there seems to be demonstrable promise in the possibility of cleaning up chromium-contaminated sites."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Camargo, F.A.O., Okeke, B.C., Bento, F.M., and Frakenberger, W.T. "In Vitro Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium by a Cell-Free Extract of Bacillus sp. ES 29 Stimulated by CU2+." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 62.5/6 (Oct. 2003): 569-573.
• Ciura, J., Poniedzialek, M., Jedrszczyk, E., and Sekara, A. "The Possibility of Using Crops as Metal Phytoremediants." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 14.1 (2005): 17-22.
• Kapoor, Anoop, and Viraraghavan, Thiruvenkatachari. "Remediation of Chromium-Containing Soils by Heap Leaching: Column Study." Journal of Environmental Engineering 121.4 (Apr. 1995): 366-367.
• Pagilla, Krishna R., and Canter, Larry W. "Laboratory Studies on Remediation of Chromium-Contaminated Soils." Journal of Environmental Engineering 125.3 (Mar. 1999): 243-248.
• Reddy, Krishna R., Chinthamreddy, Supraja, Saichek, Richard E., and Cutright, Teresa J. "Nutrient Amendment for the Bioremediation of a Chromium-Contaminated Soil by Electrokinetics." Energy Sources 25.9 (Sept. 2003): 931-943.

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