Ancient and Medieval Philosophy

Paper Summary:

This paper describes various ideas of ancient and medieval philosophy. The author begins by contrasting the concepts of reason and faith. Also analyzed is the belief system of a higher being. Philosophies of both Christian and Jewish religions are highlighted and the major writings briefly introduced. The author also includes other philosophical schools of thought from this time period, including realism and natural theology.

Outline:
Faith and Reason
Natural Theology
Universals
Works cited

From the Paper:

"Faith and reason are often seen as adversarial. It appears that since the middle ages the two principles fail to find common ground. Reason is about gathering evidence that supports a position. Faith, on the other hand, is the formation of belief in the absence of or in opposition to evidence that appears to prove other than that which is believed. For those who support reason, faith would appear to be irrational. "

Sample of Sources Used:

• Aquinas, T. Aquinas's Shorter Summa (Manchester, NH: Sophia Institute Press, 2002), 228-229.
• Carew, J. "'Purposeful' Evolution" (letter), Science, 249 (24 August 1990), 843.
• Gilson, History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages, 793.
• Husik, I. A History of Jewish Philosophy, Isaac Husik, Dover Publications, Inc., 2002. Originally published in 1941 by the Jewish Publication of America, Philadelphia, 236-311.
• Paley, W. Natural Theology; or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity Collected from the Appearances of Nature (first edition, 1803; quoted from Edinburgh, 1816), 5- 7.

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