Affirmative Action

Paper Summary:

This paper reviews and discusses the history of affirmative action and how it has evolved over the years. The paper looks at the impact that affirmative action has on society and the actual success or failure of such a policy.

From the Paper:

"In terms of how federal Affirmative Action policies and guidelines are supposed to accomplish these goals, the process was/is intended to be slow but steady. Affirmative Action policies and guidelines would facilitate opportunities for equal entry, for blacks, other minorities, and other protected groups, into housing, jobs and higher education institutions until, little by little, America's keen consciousness of racial differences (the basis of discrimination) would lessen and eventually disappear: in neighborhoods; in colleges; universities; graduate and professional schools; and workplaces (Dworkin; Harris & Narayan; Sabbagh). In this respect, up to now, Affirmative Action has been partly successful, although not entirely successful. Still, some genuine gains have been made (Marable). As Marable also reminds us, however "These impressive gains were not a result of voluntary actions" (p. 36), and likely never would have been made at all, except for Affirmative Action policies and guidelines."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Affirmative action. (2000). Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia, 1-3. Retrieved May 19, 2006, from Microsoft Works Suite 2000 (CD-ROM), Disc 3.
• Affirmative Action review (1995). Retrieved May 19, 2006, from: http://clinton2 .nara .gov/WH/EOP/OP/html/aa/aa-index.html.
• Dworkin, R. ((December 2001). The rights of Allan Bakke. In Ethics in practice: An anthology. Ed. Hugh Lafollette. New York: Blackwell. 441-447
• Harris, L.C., & Narayan, U. (December 2001). In Ethics in practice: An Anthology. Ed. Hugh Lafollette. New York: Blackwell. 448-459.
• Manning, M., Ph.D. (January 2005). The promise of Brown: Desegregation, Affirmative Action, and the struggle for racial equality. The Negro Educational Review, 56(1). 33-41.

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