Completed research project on ethnic & social identity Looks at the concepts of categorization, kinship and cultural & personal values. Includes a questionnaire.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 11 sources, 1997, $ 39.95
From the Paper "CULTURAL DIVERSITY SURVEY
Introduction
While the United States has long been considered to be a nation of immigrants, the bulk of the newcomers during most of the nation's history were from the various European cultures with which their predecessors also identified. Beginning in the 1960s, however, the proportion of Europeans among immigrants to the United States has decreased steadily (Lynch, 1993, p. 36). Thus, an ever increasing number of ethnic communities have developed and continue to develop in this country whose social mores are quite different from the European cultural values that tend to characterized the behaviors of the majority of the American population.
People with similar characteristics and values frequently form into groups."
From the Paper "Introduction
The purpose of the proposed study is to examine for the effects of reward (praise and recognition for a job well done) on the employee motivation (the will to accomplish work tasks) of individuals working in four small companies of 50 or less employees. According to Timm and Peterson (1995), all motivation is directed toward some desired payoff or reward. As to rewards, Vecchio (1992) informs that they can be either extrinsic or intrinsic.
Extrinsic rewards are external to the worker and commonly consist of such things as pay, promotion, or fringe benefits. Intrinsic rewards, on the other hand, are experienced internally; examples of intrinsic rewards include feelings of accomplishment, competence, responsibility, or personal growth. As noted by.."
Abstract A research proposal to determine if the justice system fails to rehabilitate offenders. Examines recidivism, stigmatization and at-risk youths.
From the Paper "The Effects of the Criminal Justice System on Criminal Behavior:
Are Youthful Minor Offenders Condemned for Life?
I. Statement of the Problem
Recidivism is the propensity of persons convicted of criminal behavior to continue and even expand that behavior after leaving the care of the criminal justice system. Recidivism rates of up to 90% have been reported (Brier, 1994, 215). Thus, prior involvement with crime is often the single best predictor of future involvement with crime. The unanswered question, however, is whether past criminal behavior alone is the major culprit, or whether there is an intervening variable that enhances the potential for future crime. There is evidence that the criminal justice system is little more than a crime ..."
From the Paper " Introduction
According to Aronson, Wilson and Akert (1998), there are approximately 500,000 police officers in the United States plus 220,000 support employees. The police are citizen's first link with America's criminal justice system and although they should be free of ethnic or racial bias, Aronson, Wilson and Akert report that many police officers throughout the country hold prejudicial views of ethnic minorities. Here, prejudicial views are defined as consisting of: a) a sense of being superior to members of a minority group; b) feelings that minorities are by their nature different or alien; c) a sense that dominant group members have proprietary claims on privilege, power and prestige; and d) a fear and suspicion that members of the minority have designs on dominant group benefits. "
A research proposal to determine how perceptions of rehabilitation priorities differ among inmates, correctional officers & human services staff. Includes background, review of literature and a description of the proposed study.
9,000 words (approx. 36 pages), 35 sources, 2000, $ 135.95
From the Paper "Chapter I
Nature Of The Study
Background
According to the Citizens United For The Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE) (1998), there are approximately 1.7 million persons in American prisons and jails, a figure that is dramatically up from the 744,000 inmates that were in American jails and prisons in 1985. This increase is said to be the equivalent of 1,075 more inmates each week.
Moreover, CURE (1998) reports that the United States now incarcerates at least six times as many people, per 100,000 population, as most civilized countries. England, France, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Norway, and Japan all incarcerate only between 37 and 100 persons per 100,000. The..."
This paper provides a first step in tackling the problem of the lack of visiblity of the SPCA (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) in Cumberland County.
Abstract This marketing research study identifies appropriate target markets for future attempts to increase the visibility of the Society, by identifying specific categories of segmentation. Following careful review of secondary data sources obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau, careful "a priori" analysis is used to group residents into various segments. The paper claims that the market segments identified within it will result in a more efficient use of marketing resources for the Cumberland County SPCA. The paper concludes by recommending further research to determine the specific incorporation of these identified segments into a particular marketing strategy.
From the Paper "The Cumberland County Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) faces a great challenge in attempting to increase its visibility in the County. Currently, the SPCA does not have a viable or strong public presence. Linda Catalano, the Executive Director of the Cumberland County SPCA feels that the Society is "invisible", and that many residents are unaware of the work of the SPCA."
From the Paper "" Police Brutality: Is the Perception Greater or Less than the Reality?
Introduction
Racial and ethnic minorities, by an large, are convinced that police officers, by an large, have few compunctions against using violence against them. One strong public perception among racial and ethnic minorities is that police solidarity will prevail against civilian efforts to hold police officers accountable for the unacceptable use of force, intimidation, and coercion (Shernock, 1988, pp. 182.194). Another strong public perception is that defensiveness toward racial and ethnic minority civilians on the part of police officers affects the ethical orientations of the police officers (Shernock, 1990, pp. 24.42). Another powerful factor negatively affecting the public..."
From the Paper "Introduction
One of the many factors impinging on the practice of nursing in the 1990s is the growing level of job dissatisfaction among nurses (Blegen, 1993, pp. 36-41). As nurses become dissatisfied, they tend to leave the profession, thereby adversely affecting the quality of health care delivered by nurses. Another important factor affecting the practice of nursing in the 1990s is the demand for a greater movement toward patient-focused care (Brider, 1992, pp. 26-33). Placing a greater emphasis on patient-focused care, however, is difficult if not impossible for nurses who are typically required to devote nearly two-thirds of their institutional hours to administrative and housekeeping duties.
Some research has suggested that a relationship may exist between nursing job..."
From the Paper "Statisticians work with large masses of data. Before any conclusions can be drawn from such data, it must be condensed and arranged in a usable form. One of the most common ways to summarize and describe a mass of data is to arrange a frequency distribution table. These tables can then be graphed with the frequency scale on the y-axis and the interval being graphed on the x-axis. Above each interval a horizontal line is drawn which corresponds to the frequency of the interval, resulting in a stair-step histogram pattern. Connecting the midpoints of these class intervals produces a frequency polygon and an interval curve. Distribution curves which can be "folded" vertically so that the two halves of the curve are essentially the same are said to be bilaterally symmetrical. Perfectly symmetrical curves which have a bell shape are said to be normal curves, or Gaussian curve ... "
This paper examines an application of the statistical procedure of population sampling: Describes theory and techniques and assesses validity of application in population sampling.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, 1995, $ 47.95
From the Paper "This research examines an application of the statistical procedure of population sampling. The initial part of the examination describes sampling procedures, and illustrates the use of the procedures in an application. Following the description and illustration, the accuracy and appropriateness of the application is discussed.
Description of the Procedure, and An Illustration of the Use of the Procedure in An Application
Population sampling procedures are described in this section. This description is followed by an illustration of the use of the procedures in an application.
This paper reviews the use of seclusion - the isolation of patients who may be dangerous to others or themselves - around the world, within the field of psychiatry.
Abstract Seclusion is an intervention widely used and has a long history within psychiatric care. The paper shows that literature over the past ten years suggests seclusion is effective in control of violent/aggressive behaviors. However, the concept of seclusion has been too often interchanged with the concept of solitary confinement, as is the rationale for initiation of seclusion and this would lead to questioning the intended outcome for the patient. This paper reviews the literature in relation to the use of seclusion and asks the question: Is seclusion used as a therapeutic nursing intervention? For the purpose of this paper, the literature reviewed focuses on primary research around the subject of seclusion as an intervention with the patients and nursing staff's perceptions being explored.
From the Paper "Within mental health nursing practice there are routines and responses which require ongoing critique and review. With decreasing length of admission and increased acuity, today the challenge for the nurse is to maintain the therapeutic milieu while maintaining the safety of patients and staff. The rights of the patient to receive treatment appropriate their needs is involved in this balance and interventions chosen by staff are reflected directly in the outcomes for the patient."
Tags: psychiatric, nursing, intervention, methodological, study, literature, review, mental, health
Abstract This paper examines the drug marijuana, generally disapproved of for causing lethargy and memory loss, which shares tobacco's propensity for causing lung cancer and it is widely and safely used by a significant percentage of America's population. It provides a history of the drug use in America and the fight against it over the years as well as its legality throughout the country. It analyses the dangers of smoking marijuana through various literature reviews and studies. It puts forward a research design to measure the hypothesis that recreational marijuana use is no more dangerous than smoking cigarettes in quantities that constitute normal use among Americans by looking at both American and Dutch populations.
From the Paper "The amount of money the United States spends "fighting" drug use every year is in the range of 35-40 billion dollars, equal to the annual budget of Russia. This herculean effort has met with little success; the Economist article reports that almost a third of Americans over 12 years of age admit to having tried drugs at some point, while over 26 million admit to having used drugs within the past year. Three fourths of all drug users in the United States are marijuana smokers."
Abstract The paper begins with a comprehensive definition of oral history (archival tapes). It looks at the importance of interview techniques and of a knowledge of the era in question. The establishment of the credibility of the source is dealt with, as is the investigation of personal biases. The verification of the course of events is raised and the place and use of oral history records amongst other historical sources is discussed.
From the Paper "Recording history with accuracy is a task and responsibility that has daunted man forever. Too often, history committed to text is the product of biases, hearsay and cultural mythology. The outcome is a canon of ideals and impressions based on a potentially convoluted version of the past. These discrepancies make it difficult to appreciate history as anything more than folk legend. Using oral histories to convey ideas and information is particularly useful in avoiding many of these snares."
Abstract This paper proposes research into the D.A.R.E. program which was formulated in 1983 with a view to reduce the rate of crime and drug use in American schools. The paper calls for a need to research this program due to the conflicting results of studies done on the effectiveness of the program, as well as the high cost involved in implementing D.A.R.E. The paper also proposes research methodology which will be used in the examination.
From the Paper "The research in this area is also important because of the conflicting views circulating about DARE's effectiveness. While some declare DARE to be a completely useless program, there are still some schools, which have reported positive results. For example in the state of Ohio, a study was conducted with 3,000 11th grade students and it was found that they had all been positively influenced by the DARE program. Misleading information can cause economic as well as social problems. OHIO students and teachers were of the view that DARE program did bring positive changes in the attitude of the youth towards drug use as some of them became more careful and peer resistance also increased. But it was also found that the youth that was already using drugs did not quit because of DARE messages."
This paper is a research study that performs a concentration analysis of the fast-food segment of the restaurant industry with a view toward developing an explanation for shifting growth and investment trends within the industry.
Abstract This paper is a research study that investigated: Is profitability associated positively with concentration in the fast-food segment of the restaurant industry? This paper includes an extensive review of the literature that covers many fields: The fast-food industry, external environmental conditions, the market structure, anti-trust concerns, elasticity of demand, productivity and statistical and research procedures. The paper reports the conclusion of the research that the larger firms in the industry dominate the industry because they are more efficient.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose and Significance of the Problem
Background on the Fast-Food Segment of the Restaurant Industry and External Environmental Conditions
Overview of the Remainder of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Theoretical and Conceptual Literature
Market Structure
Antitrust Concerns
Elasticity of Demand
Productivity
Literature Review Summary
Methodology
Research Design
Analytical Model
Data Sources
Data Analysis
Summary
Results
Hypothesis Test Results
Summary
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper "Barriers to exit refer to the costs that would be incurred by a firm should that firm decide to stop participating in a given market. Thus, a market in which participating firms (1) are required to make a high cost investment in equipment and/or facilities, and (2) where such equipment and/or facilities may not (a) be easily transferable by a firm to use for other purposes, or (b) quickly sold without significant loss may be said to be characterized by barriers to exit. Market contestability is defined primarily in the context of ease of exit, and ease of exit is directly related to the barriers to exit character of a market. When a firm can leave an industry or market at little or no cost to the firm, the market is said to be contestable."
