This paper covers the debate on whether or not smoking marijuana causes amotivational syndrome. It sets up standards for a case study to test the hypothesis.
Abstract This paper looks at whether smoking marijuana causes amotivational syndrome, the term given to the tranquilizing of marijuana on its users, particularly adolescents. The author discusses the symptoms, such as apathy, an inability to carry out plans or concentrate, and impairment of speech and writing. The paper also discusses plans for a twelve-year study, and concludes that the research already conducted on amotivational syndrome is not influenced by the amount of marijuana one smokes.
From the Paper "Amotivational Syndrome is a syndrome in which people are predisposed to. Smoking marijuana during adolescence can stunt an individual's psychological growth, but it does not necessarily lead to Amotivational Syndrome. There is no doubt that a correlation exists between marijuana use and Amotivational Syndrome, but the causal relationship is unclear. There is a substantial amount of information against marijuana being the cause of Amotivational Syndrome, but it is still considered to be a factor in perpetuating the syndrome further. It is common for people with other psychological disorders or learning disorders to have several of the symptoms of Amotivational Syndrome."
Abstract This paper discusses the many positive aspects of UV radiation. The author examines the way ultraviolet light is commonly used, defines UV light, its dangers and how it's used in fluorescent lighting. The paper also describes how UV radiation is frequently used in water purification plants, destroying harmful bacteria.
From the Paper "UV radiation is what is responsible for causing human skin to tan. Unlike x rays, ultraviolet radiation has a low power of penetration, so its only direct effects on the human body occur on the skin's surface and include sunburn, suntan, aging, and carcinogenic changes. Most of us know that "sunburn" is not simply a metaphor but is in fact like burns from other forms of radiation and can include symptoms ranging from redness and tenderness to blisters, swelling, seepage of fluid, and sloughing of the outer skin. Tanning ? while it is never healthy, as we know now, is simply a natural body defense that uses melanin to help protect the skin from further injury from UV radiation."
This paper discusses psychological theories for methods of changing behavior and then chronicles the author's attempt to change her own behavior by using a process of positive reinforcement and adhering to a Pavlovian model of conditioning.
Abstract The paper states that behavior modification is simply learning. The author discusses and compares Pavlovian and Operant conditioning and Positive and Negative Reinforcement. The paper refers to various reinforcement strategies: Systematic desensitization, aversion therapy (reciprocal inhibition) and biofeedback. The author details her experiment using positive reinforcement (buying a CD) to learn new behaviors in regards to caffeine consumption. She noticed problems of physical addiction.
From the Paper "Pavlovian conditioning is in fact a type of learning. Indeed, it is perhaps the most famously documented type of learning that there is. It is difficult indeed to imagine that there exists a college student anywhere in the Western Hemisphere who has not heard the story of how Ivan Pavlov came up with the idea of teaching his dog to associate the sound of a ringing bell with the introduction of food. (We all know the ending of this story: Pavlov was able to make his dog salivate in anticipation of being fed whenever he heard the meal-time bell ? and even after Pavlov no longer followed up the bell with food the dog continued to salivate for a number of repetitions of the experiment.)
This is the way in which Pavlovian learning always works: An individual (a dog, a human, a chimp ? and even some non-mammalian species) is given a certain stimulus to which it responds consistently."
From the Paper " I. Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Childhood sexual abuse continues to be prevalent and prevention or intervention efforts are considered a failure ("Child," 1999; Gelles, 1998). Childhood sexual abuse results in effects that continue into adulthood. Relationships between this sexual abuse and adult problems such as depression, anxiety, drug abuse, attempted suicide, and psychiatric disorders, have been found (McCauley, Kern, Kolodner, Dill, Schroeder, DeChant, Ryden, Derogatis, & Bass, 1997). In addition, effects of this abuse on college students has been indicated by increased drop-out rates for this population (Duncan, 2000). Studies with clinical populations appear to be.."
Studies rationale, purpose, research methods to be used. Extensive literature review examines confliciting theories, risk factors & treatments. Abstract. Table of Contents.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 57 sources, 2001, $ 111.95
From the Paper "The purpose of this research paper will be to investigate the conflicting theories on causes and treatment of violent juvenile crime in the United States. A review of the literature on the proposed subject will be performed and findings will be critically analyzed to provide an integration of information.
The literature review to be analyzed will include the following subjects relevant to the topic: an introduction to juvenile crime, with trends and prevalence, state and federal activities, and criminal justice; conflicting theories, with the POM theory, social control theory, social bonding theory, and containment theory; causes of juvenile crime, including risk..."
Argues that unions are necessary to protect workers. Looks at isssues of labor law, organization, history, collective bargaining, economics and flexibile hours.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, 1999, $ 119.95
From the Paper "LABOR UNIONS ARE NECESSARY: A POSITION PAPER
Introduction
This research develops a position on the necessity of labor unions. The argument developed in this essay is that labor unions are necessary.
Labor Law in the United States
In the United States, labor law is, essentially, a federal matter, and the government arbiter between management and labor is the National labor Relations Board, generally referred to as the NLRB (Calvert 19). One result of this approach is a uniform application across the country of rules governing labor-management relations. The states are able to exercise little original jurisdiction in labor-management relations (the most notable example of state jurisdiction are the so-called right to work laws.."
From the Paper ""CRACK BABIES": DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERISTICS, OUTCOMES, & IMPLICATIONS
Introduction
This research examines the syndrome of so-called ?crack babies.? The examination focuses on the development this condition, the characteristics of these subjects in both their infancy and later childhood, social outcomes for these subjects, and the implications of the "crack babies" syndrome for social work.
This researcher served as a drug and alcohol counselor for pregnant women with addicted fetuses for a period approximating one-year. This experience led to the selection of the "crack babies" syndrome as the focus for this research.
Abstract Among the many reform efforts currently undertaken to improve education in the United States is a trend toward holding students back from advancing to the next grade until they have mastered certain skills. The idea of social promotion has fallen out of favor; instead, the focus is on retention
From the Paper "The Effect of Retention at the Third Grade Level on Children's Self-Esteem
I. The Problem
Introduction
Among the many reform efforts currently undertaken to improve education in the United States is a trend toward holding students back from advancing to the next grade until they have mastered certain skills. The idea of social promotion has fallen out of favor; instead, the focus is on retention.
However, there is controversy about the value of retention. Educators disagree about the value of retention and the harm of social promotion, both intellectually and psychologically. Gordon (1999) asserted that retention is ill-advised and that..."
Experiment designed to test the effects of physical attractiveness on personnel evaluations. Finds that better looking people tend to receive better evaluations.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, 1990, $ 23.95
From the Paper Background
"This experiment was designed to test the effects of physical attractiveness on personnel evaluations. Previous research (e.g., Sigall & Ostrove, 1975) shows that persons described as physically attractive are generally judged to be more likeable, more competent, and more persuasive communicators. In order to protect against this bias, it might be advisable to have same sex personnel evaluations (that is, women evaluate women and men evaluate men). However, the original research must first be extended to determine if the attractiveness bias holds in same sex situations. The following DOE intends to test the influence on evaluations of attractiveness, gender, and the interaction between the two..."
From the Paper 'The purpose of this research is to explain the application of statistical procedures to the solution of a realistic problem. In this instance, the problem is related to the domestic economy of the United States.
THE PROBLEM
The level of unemployment is a matter of significant concern to both the general public and political leaders. In order to develop effective policies to address the unemployment issue, it is necessary to understand how the unemployment rate is related to other factors. It is this problem which is addressed in this research.
HYPOTHESES
A total of six hypotheses were formulated for, and tested in ... "
A research proposal for nursing students on the problem of how home visits should be carried out among patients with colorectal cancer in order to be beneficial to the patient being treated.
Abstract This paper outlines a research proposal for a study to analyze the efficacy of home visits for colorectal cancer patients, as well as determine the best method for approaching home health visits for such patients. Together with supporting literature, it states the objectives of the study, describes the study design, in this case a qualitative interview study and looks at subjects and setting as well as data collection methods. It discusses the data analysis procedures, evaluates its strengths and limitations and debates the implications of the study's findings.
From the Paper "The majority of subjects were interviewed in their home, which seems appropriate because the study revolves around patient care in the home, and the benefits and comforts attributed to being in the home as a personal place as opposed to being in a hospital or other formal and unfamiliar territory. It might be said that the subjects were influenced by the comfortable setting of their home to overly associate good benefits with home health care, but it might also be argued that home health care would be perceived with the same general good attitude and positive thought and emotional process. "
Abstract This paper presents an extensive review of literature and concludes that there is a lack of conclusive scientific studies about the nutritional status of genetically modified foods. The author states that the industry is still in its infancy with lot of media attention and claims with no clinical validation. The author concludes that the need for further research in this area is seemingly endless, but the first step is to identify the markers needed to measure the dependent and independent variables.
From the Paper "One popular recent study claims that it has produced oil seed crops, which contain elevated levels of omega fatty acids, the same nutrients that make fish oil beneficial to the heart; at least this is how the mass media reported it. The real study, however, did not wish to infer that eating or cooking with their seeds would reduce the amount to fatty acids in humans. The product was being developed for the pharmaceutical industry. In this study genes that cause high concentrations of Omega-6 fatty acids in tobacco were transferred to borage seeds in an attempt to boost omega-6 levels in borage seeds."
Abstract Proposes a study to determine whether family structure can explain poor academic performance. Impact of traditional & non-traditional families on variations of academic performance. Discusses theoretical context & theories of human development (Piaget & Vygotsky); prior conflicting studies on the topic. Stanford 9 Achievement Test. Methodology, research design, data collection. Table of Contents.
From the Paper The Impact of Family Structure
on Student Achievement
Abstract This paper investigates the abuse of the frail elderly by family care givers. The objectives of the proposed research study were to gain insights into factors implicated in the development and perpetuation of such abuse, identify those causal factors that may be amenable to intervention, and recommend policies and programs, where applicable, to reduce the incidence of such abuse.
From the Paper "The increasing awareness that some elderly persons are physically abused and neglected by family members has been accompanied by a widespread assumption about elder abuse: that it is inflicted by well meaning individuals, often the adult children of victims, who are pushed over the edge by the stress of caring for a frail, dependent old person. According to Pillemer & Finkelhor (1989), the falsity of that assumption was revealed by findings that relatively well-functioning elderly people were found to usually be the victims of abuse, which is often inflicted by emotionally disturbed or violent family members. A typical abuser was found to be a person who depends on the victim for money, transportation, housing and household repairs. Elderly victims were no more disabled or dependent on their abusers than were comparison subjects on their relatives. Abusers, however, were much more likely than relatives in the comparison group to have been arrested, hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder, involved in violent behavior outside the family, or limited by a physical problem (Pillemer & Finkelhor, 1989). The generalizations of these findings has been challenged by more recent studies (Saad, Hartman, Kurian, Graham, Wilcock, & Ballard, 1995)."
Abstract This paper presents a literature review regarding the stability of childhood traits over time and uses the Differential Emotions Theory (DET) to further explain the literature findings. The DET states that emotions and temperament or personality are related and that these are motivating processes. Thus the differences found in emotionality and temperament are reflected in patterns of emotion-cognition-action bonds which are the building blocks of the personality traits. It evaluates how this theory can be used to explain the predicted tendency for a child with low self-esteem to develop shy behaviors that would persist and be present in adulthood. It proposes a study through questionnaire use to determine if this relationship is true.
From the Paper "Bruno (1998) stated that shyness leads to shyness. A troubled person tends to be distressed in the presence of others and avoidance of others relieves anxiety. Thus the shy behavior is reinforced and becomes a habit. The author also stated that interpersonal factors are found to have a role in chronic shyness. For example those who are found to efface themselves, lack assertiveness skills. These people do not know how to stand up for their rights or themselves in interpersonal contexts and therefore tend to find themselves avoiding others."
