Abstract This paper shows, through an extensive literature review, as well as research conducted by the author in the form of a personal interview, and a questionnaire submitted to local students, that if illegal drug use leads to increased crime, then the decriminalization of drugs will ultimately reduce crime and will therefore improve society.
From the Paper "Because drug use is illegal in America, not only are prisons overcrowded with drug offenders but the high prices caused by illegalization result in a massive increase in monetary and even violent crimes. The war on drugs, as it has been practiced for the past four decades has done nothing to reduce these problems, and has in fact increased them. Thus it is becoming progressively more evident that the victory for this war will take far too long, cost way too much money and have far too many victims."
A completed research on satisfaction and the attitudes of the bank's customers. Discusses field interviews, target groups, questionnaires and data analysis. Includes tables.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, 1999, $ 55.95
Abstract National Bank has commissioned Our Agency, Inc. to do a complete customer satisfaction survey. The bank wants data that can be used to create more effective customer service strategies.
This survey involved field interviews, target groups, mailed questionnaires and follow up questionnaires.
From the Paper "CUSTOMER SATISFACTION SURVEY PROFILE FOR
NATIONAL BANK
Overview
National Bank has commissioned Our Agency, Inc. to do a complete customer satisfaction survey. The bank wants data that can be used to create more effective customer service strategies.
This survey involved field interviews, target groups, mailed questionnaires and follow up questionnaires.
This survey lasted for four months and was organized in this fashion.
Wave One: Field Interviews
Wave Two: Target Groups
Wave Three: Questionnaires
Wave ..."
From the Paper "Causes of Prison Overcrowding: A Research Proposal
Background on the Problem
Prison overcrowding and the costs associated with operating prisons have developed as major public issues over the past two decades (Eckl, 1994). The increase in violent crime in the United States in the 1970s, together a plea bargaining process that often appeared to favor offenders, led to public outcries to get tougher on crime. Both President Reagan and President Bush tapped this vein of public discontent by successfully, if inaccurately, by labeling their opponents as being soft on crime. Other politicians, particularly at the state level, jumped on the tough on crime bandwagon.
Statement of the Problem
One outcome of all of this activity were new sentencing..."
Abstract This paper is composed of annotated bibliographies and a literature review of ten different research articles dealing with the acquisition of nonverbal, gestural, or sign languages. It addresses non-verbal language as a first language and a second language, as well as non-verbal language and symbolic communication systems in non-human primates and prehuman ancestors.
From the Paper "Sharon Begley's main point in this article is that "the human brain is wired for gestural communication" just as it is for spoken language, from a nativist perspective. She draws on examples from apes who have learned signed languages, deaf-mute children who have invented their own languages in the absence of an established sign language, and the fact that blind people gesture at the same rate as sighted people. She cites studies of wild bonobos who use symbolic gesture to communicate with each other, and deaf children who created a signed language with more complex grammatical structures than the spoken language in their environment."
Abstract This paper investigates pressure ulcers, also known as bed sores that are formed where skin and tissue are squeezed between bone and an outside surface for long periods of time, often due to immobility. It proposes scientific research aimed at discovering the development and underlying reasons that the illness is so common amongst elderly long term care patients.
From the Paper "Because PUs are so common, cause distress to the patient and their family, and can form the basis for litigation, it is important for the long-term medical care community to find ways to reduce their prevalence and incidence. Two commonly suggested solutions to the PU problem include identifying patients at risk using risk assessment methods and initiating preventive measures (Ayello & Braden, 2002). In order for long term care staff to identify patients at risk they must be educated in assessment of the risk for developing PUs. One risk assessment method used in this area is the Braden Scale, developed in 1987 by Drs. Barbara Braden and Nancy Bergstrom. The scale attempts to identify risk factors that increase the chance that patients will develop PUs in the future and assigns a numeric value to the risk for any particular patient (Bergstrom, Braden, Laguzza, & Holman, 1987)."
Abstract This paper describes the four basic approaches of qualitative research: Ethnographic Studies, Phenomenology, Field Research and Grounded Theory. The paper identifies three approaches, Phenomenology, Field Research and Grounded Theory, that were used to guide the collection of data necessary to identify the factors that make a home visit more effective in helping the patient cope with cancer. The paper describes the qualitative semi-structure interviews used in gathering the data and the analytic methods that include open, axial and selective coding.
From the Paper "In the analysis process, the main strategy employed is the coding method. Open coding was used to identify the concepts of the phenomenon, which were then grouped into categories. More specific open coding is evident in the content of the semi-structured interviews, such as the benefits of home visits, confidentiality issues, issues to be taken up during home visits and "patients" reasons for participating in this type of home intervention.? "
Abstract This paper is a proposal for a research study which will attempt to examine the evidence that supports the motives of the terrorist organizations around the world to conduct terrorism on a global basis. It outlines how the study will be exploratory in nature, primarily through various government reports and reports of Embassy's around the world and how the research will explore a number of terrorism incidents, their patterns, the major groups involved, financing connections and the use of improved communications as a means to coordinate attacks. It encompasses terrorism data from 1992 through the year 2002.
Outline:
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
Rationale for Study
Scope of Study
Thesis and Research Objectives
Chapter 2
Review of the Literature
Overview of Preliminary Research
Chapter 3
Methods
Chapter Four
Findings
Timeline
Works Cited
From the Paper "Terrorism is politically motivated violence against persons who are not combatants in a conflict. Americans have always been targeted while in other countries, but on September 11, 2001, they also became the direct recipients of terrorist activities. The goal of these activities is to promote a sense of fear and deep insecurity. Terrorists strike those who are not combat ready. The victims are nor trained soldiers, they are ordinary citizens. These attacks often come without warning, in an attempt to invoke the greatest amount of fear (Wilcox, 1996). Terrorism attempts to undermine the citizen's faith in their government's ability to protect them. Terrorists use intimidation as their primary weapon to induce fear in a society."
This paper looks at different literature sources that discuss how a system of ethics affects the workplace, creating an environment that encourages people to develop their values and their skills.
Abstract The paper begins with a definition of business ethics, then looks into the history of the subject. The writer continues by looking into sources that criticize the approach of businesses in the area of ethics, followed by the subject of philanthropy.
Table of Contents:
Classical/Historical View
Criticism
Shared Values and Goals
Corporate Philanthropy
Attracting and Building a Productive Workforce
Environmentalism and Corporate Responsibility
Conclusion
From the Paper "American business is under particular pressure to invest well in humans: to make them productive, motivated people working in a safe environment free from racial, sexual and other forms of discrimination. The social and political system sends signals to business about what is acceptable through trends in regulation and enforcement.
Managers often fail to understand that employees see work/life balance as a moral issue. Balancing work and family responsibilities is an ethical issue for everyone involved ? employees, employers and society; it's a matter of being socially responsible within the workplace. It is ethically positive to provide proactive family and flexibility programs for the workforce, but most companies won?t do so unless it's profitable or legally mandated. (Kleiman, 2000)."
Abstract The issue examined in this research is the impact of immigration on domestic labor markets in the United States. Specific interests of this research are the impacts of immigration on the employment opportunities for women and minorities. The greater part of this current research consists of a review of the literature relevant to the issue investigated. Included in this research also, however, is a proposed research design for an empirical investigation of the issue.
I. Introduction
A. Issue Examined: Effects of Immigration on Domestic Labor Markets.
B. Focus of Examination: Women and Minorities.
C. Presentation Plan.
II. Literature Review.
A. Globalization and Transnational Migration.
B. United States as a Destination Country.
III. Proposed Empirical Research.
A. Justification for Empirical Research.
B. Research Questions: 18 questions.
C. Period of Analysis: 15 years (1986 to 2000).
D. Data Type: Secondary.
E. Analytical Procedure: Regression Analysis.
IV. References.
From the Paper "In the contemporary period, more than at any time in the past, migration is a global phenomenon. In search of employment, higher wages, educational opportunities for themselves and their children, and to escape from persecution and violence, millions of people cross international borders each year. Over one hundred million people now live in a country other than that of their birth, and millions of these immigrants maintain their ethnic identities in their adopted countries (Weiner, 1996).
In industrialized societies on average, non-citizens now typically constitute more than five-percent of the population. These large and typically visible immigrant populations are a cause of concern for both governments and their citizens. These concerns lead to questions such as: Do immigrants benefit the economy, taking unwanted jobs and providing needed skills; or Do immigrants displace indigenous workers and burden public resources in their adopted countries (Weiner, 1996)?"
Abstract This paper relates that the General Affective Aggression Model (GAAM) is one of the leading theories in the field of aggression, which argues that exposure to violent video games can increase short-term aggression (20 minutes following exposure to a video game) over long periods of time. The author states that the experimental hypothesis is that children who play violent video games are more likely to be more aggressive on the playground. The paper describes a research design with three experimental groups consisting of randomly selected 8 to 10-year-old boys and girls. The experimental group plays a violent video game (e.g., Kung Fu), one control group plays a non-violent video game (e.g., Ms. Pac Man) and another control group will consist of children that did not play a video game.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Proposed Study
Methods and Statistical Analysis
Participation
Design and Procedures
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Certainly, the literature available notes several limitations on this type of study. One important constraint is that this experimental design does not allow researchers to determine the effect of video game violence in a 'real' or 'playful environment. Goldstein notes that voluntary exposure to violent video games may have a different effect than enforced exposure on aggression. In the lab, video games are not entered into in a playful frame of mind, as they are in the 'real' world. However, the need for a controlled, experimental situation in this experiment makes such a distinction difficult."
Abstract This paper defines qualitative methods and quantitative methods. The author differentiates their uses. The paper assesses their suitability for use in human relations studies.
From the Paper "Research data may be evaluated through the application of either quantitative or qualitative analytical procedures. Quantitative approaches are more easily defined than are qualitative procedures because qualitative research may refer to either the way data are measured or the way such data are evaluated. A quantitative variable is one than can be measured numerically such as annual income. Quantitative data are produced by ordinal interval and ratio scales; while qualitative data are produced by nominal scales. Quantitative data ..."
Abstract This paper relates that Stanley Milgram was a pioneer researcher on obedience to authority. The author points out that his ground-breaking and shocking studies conducted at Yale in the 1960s are still relevant today. The paper provides historical background on Professor Milgram, a full description of the obedience studies, their results and their applications to society and humanity.
From the Paper "Written in 1974, Stanley Milgram's Obedience to Authority revealed shocking truths about human nature--particularly with respect to how easily people could be manipulated to perform horrible acts on innocents when induced by a perceived legitimate authority figure. "...the most fundamental lesson of our study: ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive process." (Stanley Milgram, 1974, as quoted in Blass, 2004, xvii). While his groundbreaking research was conducted in the 1960s, his findings are relevant today in the field of psychology and in many other fields. His work continues to be studied and applied (Blass, 2004). Just what were these experiments, and what did they find?"
A brief history of the discovery and early treatment of this disease followed by an in depth analysis at the molecular level, ending with a summary of treatments and the future of research.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 45.95
Abstract This paper details the various issues and describes the research surrounding Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), a disease that affects children, primarily males and is characterized by the degeneration of muscular tissue. The essay discusses symptoms, causes, molecular and cellular defects, how symptoms are derived from cellular defects and possible treatments. The sections covering the molecular aspects of this disease are in depth and scientifically explicit.
From the Paper "Muscular Dystrophy is a debilitating disorder that is characterized by degeneration of muscle tissue. One of the most common forms of this disorder and one that is particularly severe is Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). This disease affects a far greater number of males, approximately 1 out of every 3 500 born, than females (Cooper 1997). The cellular defects associated with DMD are well understood; however, there is still some speculation over the actions that take place at the molecular level. The treatment available for DMD patients is very limited. However, there has been promising research done with stem cells, antibiotics and gene therapies that offer new hope for sufferers of DMD. Many of these studies have been done on mdx mice, an animal model for DMD that possesses the same genetic defect as humans who suffer with the disease (Agrawal et al. 1999). These studies offer a new ray of hope, not only for those suffering with DMD, but also for people who suffer from various types of muscular degenerative diseases."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of divorce and examines the research methodologies used in order to provide accurate divorce rates. The author also discusses about related social and cultural matters.
From the Paper "While the decision to divorce one's marital partner seems as if it were an entirely personal one. But (as Emile Durkheim has shown us so conclusively as regards suicide) personal decisions are also social and cultural ones. Divorce rates have risen and fallen (but mostly risen) since the 18th century colonial era in America. Any investigation of such changes in the rate of divorce must be fundamentally grounded in the methods of historical research as well as social science research. How best to understand the reasons that divorce rates have fluctuated since the 18th century requires a close reading of a variety of historical and cultural texts that -- taken together -- will ground the personal reasons that obtain in each specific case of divorce with the larger social and cultural context of marriage and divorce. "
Abstract This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.
From the Paper This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.
