Abstract This paper discusses the workings of fission reactor and focuses on the safety concerns connected with the production of nuclear power. The author looks at how most countries use nuclear energy for the development of military weapons though in some places it is also being used for peaceful purposes.
From the Paper "Nuclear power plants are used in for the production of nuclear fission power, which is used later in the production of military weapons. For the production of power, fission reactor is used which contains fissionable elements which when bombarded with neutrons produce some other elements including barium, plutonium and uranium. All these are later used in the creation of military weapons and some other similar products. Though the governments of the world in possession of nuclear power come under attack often, it is nonetheless considered a symbol of power over other nations. A fission reactor is used to produce a chain reaction with the help of uranium and plutonium and special devices are used for the purpose of regulating the rate of fission."
Abstract This paper examines the scientific aspects of Huntington's disease and how this autosomal medelian disorder has come to provide rich insight into genetic testing. However, with that testing comes ethical dilemmas. This paper examines how the trait can be located through genetic testing and proposes several arguments about whether abortions should be performed on those infants found to have the disease.
From the Paper "Huntington's disease is one of the most prevalent single locus hereditary disease in human beings. According to the Society for Neuroscience, HD effects roughly 30,000 Americans and an estimated 150,000 more are at risk of exhibiting symptoms at some point in their lives. Huntington's is a chronic debilitating disease that is almost certainly fatal."
Abstract This paper is an in-depth analysis of polls taken in the U.S. concerning the State of Israel. It examines several polls and their results as well as their conclusions. It proves that some of the conclusions are wrong and explains what they really mean. It details the limitations and disadvantages of polls in general as well as their advantages. It details the field of market research and how it can help in these sort of cases. It concludes that U.S. opinion on Israel is not perfectly consistent and is greatly affected by the shifting and always volatile situation in the Middle East.
From the Paper "How do we know what it is that we think that we know? Beyond the philosophical issues that such a question brings up, there are a number of more technical ways to address that question, especially as we enter the 21st century, a period of time in which public-opinion polls seem to rule every aspect of our political ? and sometimes cultural and social ? lives. This paper examines U.S. opinion on Israel -- which polls find to be generally favorable ? by looking at some of those polls after first considering some of the important ways that polls can inform of ? and some of the equally key ways in which polls are limited in their ability to tell us what a group of people actually thinks (www.ccfr.org)."
Tags: United, States, opinion, Israel, political, cultural, social, polls
Abstract This paper is a detailed look at fathers who do not have custody of their children after a divorce or separation. The author discusses the court system's preference towards awarding mothers custody and why children psychologically need both parents following a divorce. The paper also discusses the harmful psychological effects that non-custodial fathers experience when separated from their children and the group therapy and support systems available.
From the Paper "Single fathers ?can "mother" as well as women?. By an empirical research Lamb, 1999; Lazar & Guttman, 1998; Thomas & Forehand, 1993 have ascertained that men can be the custodians of a child and help the child become a respected citizen of the society. Contrasting are the views held by Daniel Amneus ?the system of female-headed "families" which has created ghettos and barrios by encouraging women to marry the state and breed fatherless children who are eight times more likely to become delinquent. In spite of these figures, U.S. statistics reveal that 40% of American children do not live in homes where their fathers live, making "fatherlessness" "the most harmful trend of this generation". Proclaiming that the absence of fathers in the home is probably less alarming than our own absence of belief in fathers, Blankenhorn further questions our ability to find ways to ?invigorate effective fatherhood as a norm of male behavior.?
Abstract This paper takes a close look at cervical cancer including its causes and symptoms. It also examines the role of Human Papillomavirus in inducing cervical cancer. It then proceeds to study the use of inoculated C57BL/6 murine model to study disease in woman. The treatment is analyzed for its accuracy and efficiency.
From the Paper "In order to fully understand the genetic link between HPV and high risk for cervical cancer, one must closely examine the mechanism by which HPV induces cervical cancer. HPV is in a class of viruses known as adenoviruses, that is, viruses that invade a host and make some permanent change to the DNA of the infected host cells. In the cases of HPV-16 and HPV-18, the virus produces the oncoproteins E6 and E7, which interact specifically with human cellular components p53 and retinoblastma, respectively. The role of p53 in human cells is to guard DNA repair processes and ensure chromosomal stability, and the degradation of p53 leads directly to mutational changes and ultimately to the immortalization of human cells. The gene controlling transcription of p53 in humans is polymorphic at amino acid 72, containing either a proline or arginine residue at this position (4). The HPV E6 protein degrades p53, thereby inducing cervical cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that the arginine form of p53 is more easily degraded than the proline form, because E6 can bind more effectively to the arginine form of p53 (6). Consequently, individuals with the arginine variation at amino acid 72 would be much more likely to develop cervical cancer. Because the specific polymorphic combination is conserved between generations, the greater affinity of E6 for p53 would explain the genetic risk factor involved in the progression from HPV infection to full-blown invasive cervical cancer."
Tags: cancer, cervix, human, immunology, models, mouse, murine, papillomavirus, research
Abstract An examination of the relationship between ethnicity and identity as understood as basis structures of individual life-worlds. The essay is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to sketching conceptual fieldwork, while the second part deals with the analysis of collected data. Therefore, in the first part, the writer explains the concepts "identity", and "ethnicity" and indicates possible ramifications the particular usage of concepts implies. In the second part, identity is discussed as a variable that influences ethnic ideologies one adheres to. In this part he also shows how the level which a particular ethnic group occupies at the stratification level, influences the shape of one's identity. In conclusion, the writer summarizes the findings by suggesting that identity and ethnicity mutually influence each other and they are both complementary expressions of each other.
From the Paper "In the following essay, I am going to locate the focal point of this problem in the one particular community - Highland Park High School. Highland Park is a small town in New Jersey, Middlesex County, where many emigrants from Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America are there. At the Highland Park High School, although not apparently seen, the question of identity and ethnic belonging is still a problem among the American youths. While staying a year at Highland Park, I have been thinking a lot about the problems characteristic for the multicultural societies. All the questions I have asked myself may be boiled down to one single question ? namely, whether ethnicity and identity should be treated as interdependent variables, or rather one of them is more fundamental?"
An evaluation of a recent paper published in the journal ?Women's Studies International Forum,? published by Regina Scheyvens and Helen Leslie entitled ?Gender, Ethics and Empowerment: Dilemmas of Development Fieldwork.?
Abstract This essay is an evaluation of a recent paper published in the journal ?Women's Studies International Forum,? published by Scheyvens and Leslie, in which the authors present facts and discussions related to several important issues for researchers pursuing ethnographic and cultural studies related to women"especially third world women. This essay involves an assessment of the following: Is there, or should there (or not) be a power distinction between the researchers and their subjects" Can the work be regarded as legitimate because of the vast differences in cultural perceptions? Certain ethical questions also crop up: Can the researchers bridge the gender divide and have males research females in third world countries? Is there an imposition of a researcher's sentimentality on the research, and is this exploitative? How valuable is such research"can it be presented objectively, honestly and more importantly in an unbiased manner" And, can such research help empower third world women? This essay addresses these issues within the context of the Scheyvens and Leslie's paper.
From the Paper "The authors? work is also very limited. Consider the countries they talk about: Fiji, El Salvador, the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. The title of their paper is misleading; it promises sweeping work that would lead to generalized conclusions. The countries used in the research do not allow that. The countries researched are very isolated, quasi-aboriginal and primitive cultures though, this is not an indictment of these countries. Developing countries (third world) like India and China where poverty and sexism exist within a modern infrastructure (and a range of social situations?urban and rural) would provide a better subject for such a study. Religion (or its lack in China) plays an important role in the customs and traditions of these countries. Also, India and China have enjoyed fairly evolved civilizations before becoming the over-populated behemoths they are today. The paper, in its limited scope, should be more aptly titled ?Empowerment of women of the Pacific Islands and El Salvador.? "
Tags: power, gradient, cross-gender, research, United, Nations
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of women who live in poverty. The writer identifies the most significant independent variable as well as the dependant variable using several sources of research. Variables or cause factors examined are the differences in wages between men and women, the fact that single parent women are expected to raise children and support them and many others.
From the Paper "Women in poverty have been a topic of study for many years. The women who live below the poverty level are often single parents and their children are suffering right along with them. There are several things that maintain the female gender as the poor gender in the world, some are controllable but must of the variables are not. Before one can understand the plight of the poverty stricken female one must first have an understanding of what things put them there and how they might be able to change other aspects to improve their situation."
Abstract The following paper examines the importance of web research to instructors, students, writers and researchers. The way in which there are no time barriers as the material can be accessed at any time day or night, is discussed with reference to those who do their research in between the other elements of their lives, jobs, and families. The writer asserts that the web is a wonderful tool for the discerning researcher and used along with reference books can provide accurate and objective historical information.
From the Paper "If a site is user friendly, then it is most useful. Sites that are heavy with graphics and take a relatively long time to load are not as useful. Depending on the amount of memory and the isp a person uses, the graphics may take too long. This can lead to a frozen computer screen or an error message. It is also important for web sites to be heavy in verifiable content with citations. In this way, additional study can be done. A list of other resources on the web is also useful to enlarge the information and to verify the material. Some sites include contact information and list a date it was revised. Others have no follow up information and no dates."
Tags: encapsulated, form, software, text, encyclopedia, inaccurate, information, material
A research paper examining psychosocial and environmental factors of Bipolar Disorder, focusing on the consequences of divorce and sexual abuse on 17 year old adolescents.
Abstract The following paper does not focus on cause and effect factors of bipolar disorder, it simply explores the prevalence of specific environmental or psychosocial variables concerning bipolar diagnosed children and adolescents. The specific variables that are focused upon and extracted from a mental health database are the occurrences of parental divorce and physical/sexual abuse in the history of the bipolar diagnosed child or adolescent. These three variables are examined by the frequency in which they have been documented in the mental health computer records of individuals that are chosen to be used in the study. The following research is not generalizable to a larger population because it simply analyzes content of a census study within a small, specific population at one particular mental health center
From the Paper "In terms of broader implications to this research, interest could be sparked for more research in the areas of divorce, physical, and sexual abuse that may be more generalizable to the child and adolescent bipolar population in America. These finding can only be generalized to the specific population utilized in this particular study, which is a limitation of the study. Other limitations are also involved with this study. As stated earlier, the data collected in this study was from initial intake sessions with clients. Clients may be reluctant to admit abuse in an initial session, while the therapist may be reluctant to ask the client these personal questions or simply forget to ask these questions."
Abstract A physician office wants to install bone density equipment but is not certain about types of machines to purchase and their price. This report therefore focuses on the available products and expert opinions in connection with that equipment. Cost of the bone density procedures and machines have also been briefly mentioned so that a physician would be able to estimate the possible costs involved and expected increase in revenues. The author of the paper uses graphs and photographs to illustrate certain points.
From the Paper "Norland manufactures some of the best products available for bone density measurement. The machines that any physician office would require for this procedure are easily available through this company but let us first mention what machines would be needed for this purpose. It has been noticed that mostly the machines required for this purpose. There are two types of procedures through which bone density can be measured. The first one being the DEXA method, which uses x-rays to measure bone density. X ray method is fast and painless and is partly covered by insurance. The other procedure is carried out through CT scan. Both these procedures would study the bone mineral density of patient's body and then compare it with a healthy person's bone density to find out if there is any risk of osteoporosis to the person."
Tags: DEXA, radiology, osteometer, meditech, osteoporosis, FDA
This paper reviews an exploratory research study that examined the abnormalities of the pituitary glands of bipolar and unipolar patients in expectation of finding a cure.
Abstract The author explains that the research question asked if the pituitary glands of bipolar or unipolar patients differ in size from one another or from a control group of healthy participants. MRI images were utilized. The results indicated that patients diagnosed bipolar had significantly smaller pituitary glands than that of the unipolar group and the control group.
From the Paper "The study was conducted this past year at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, with the patients being between 18 and 65 years old; each participant had been off of medication for at least two weeks. All perspectives that could be recorded through the MRI were observed and measured."
A paper which shows the results of an experiment measuring the production, circulation, and reuptake of endogenously produced Nitric Oxide in the human upper airway.
3,910 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 12 sources, 2001, $ 106.95
Abstract It was hypothesized that if nitric oxide (NO) was involved in the temperature and humidity conditioning of nasal air, then its release from the nasal passages into the lumen of the upper respiratory airway should vary between inhalation and exhalation. The author of this paper further hypothesized that nasal nitric oxide release varies during wakefulness and sleep, being decreased at night due to both a reduction in nitric oxide release into the nasal passages and increased uptake of NO by the lower respiratory tract. The paper shows that through human testing and modeling, the release of NO was shown to be greater upon inhalation than exhalation. It discusses that since this is contrary to passive physics there must be an active mechanism behind this process which preserves nasal patency and conditions nasal air.
From the Paper "Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous compound with important functions in the immune, nervous, and cardiopulmonary systems. In the respiratory tract it plays a role in ciliary beat frequency, mucus secretion, bronchodilation and vasodilation(1). Endogenously produced nitric oxide has been found in the exhaled air of humans and the majority of exhaled NO originates in the nasal passages(2). As a nonpolar molecule, it has a low solubility in comparison to other gases. Its Henry's Law constant koH (mol/kg*bar) is reported to be 0.0019 by Lide and Frederikse(3). This low solubility in combination with a concentration gradient drives the NO out of the nasal mucosa and into the airway. "
This paper explains the scientific method, the role of Rene Descartes in science and scientific information about the earthworm and then concludes with an elementary school project.
Abstract The paper commences by discussing, in detail and in a style that is easy to understand, the six steps of the scientific method. The next section of the paper presents Rene Descartes, mathematician and author of a text on physiology and psychology. Next, the author presents a detailed discussion of the earthworm. He designs an elementary education experiment project that uses the scientific method on earthworm segmentation. The author concludes that the earthworm is fascinating to watch as it moves and wiggles.
From the Paper "Rene Descartes was a believer in the scientific method. His works often disagreed with the Catholic churches. He had a commitment to the scientific method with a vast array of other subjects. Mathematics was his greatest interest. Descartes wrote a text on physiology and psychology. He said that emotion was finally the physiological base and argued that the control of the physical expression of emotions controlled the emotions "
Abstract This paper examines a research aimed at establishing a link between the limitation of mechanical restraint on patients and the staffing of nurses. It describes the various stages of the research.
From the Paper "The collection of the data was accomplished through the Data Management Center in the School of Nursing and through interviews and observations conducted by the researchers themselves. The variables that the collection of data was dependent on were the Data Management Center, but this was not clearly explained. The system that was used was certainly open to the influence of those handling the data. This could certainly affect the overall results. The design was certainly non-experimental as it depended on the data that was extracted from other sources as well as their own. Descriptive statistics were tabulated for all variables. There was a statistical test performed for each of the hypothesis and research question."
