Abstract This paper details the published research findings which state that there are four basic types of abusers. The writer of this paper explores the various theories that claim child abuse is in fact based on social, environmental and structural factors including economic status, cultural values, social isolation and lack of a community support system. The writer contends and explains why cultural norms are a significant cause of child abuse. The writer of this paper emphasizes the need for early intervention to both identify and combat cases of child abuse. The writer also stresses the importance of understanding the social causes of child abuse which can then help treat the abuser and prevent abuse from both occurring and escalating.
Table of Contents:
The Types of Abusers
The Social Systems Theory
Socialization/Role Strain Theory
The Social Interaction Theory
The Religious Theory
Other Social Phenomena
Intervention
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Research and studies on child abuse and abusers indicate there are four basic types of abuser. The "accelerator" sees the child as having some kind of negative affect. (The child may remind them of a former spouse, or be inadvertently blamed for the break-up of a relationship). The abuser may take out their anger and frustration at these situations on the child. The "mediator" has some kind of reason that rationalizes the abuse, such as Biblical passages or "folk" wisdom that seem to support some kind of harsh discipline ("spare the rod and spoil the child"). In the "brakes" abuser, the abuser cannot control their actions and impulses and so allow their impulses to rule over their common sense.
Finally, the "reinforcer" finds some kind of emotional payoff from the abuse. They feel more in control, they can ignore other problems in their life, etc."
Abstract This well-researched paper delves into the text of the poem which focuses on events that took place in medieval times during the reign of the Christian Emperor Charlemagne. The writer of this paper applies the normative-descriptive method of research in gathering, interpreting and analyzing material derived from an English translation of the actual poem as well as published accounts, criticisms and analyses of the actual text. This paper analyzes "The Song of Roland" as both a work of literature and as a tool of propaganda. This paper discusses the popular premise that the poet's main intent was to inflame the Christian community and turn it against the followers of Islam. This paper discusses the poet's obvious inclusion of incorrect historical facts and racial biases throughout the poem. The writer explores the author's obvious pro-Christian stance in this particular poem. This paper also examines the views and opinions of various historians and critics who suggest that this poem, written in the 11th century about events that took place in the 8th century is largely misunderstood by most readers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
"The Song of Roland" as a Literary Work
"The Song of Roland" as a Propaganda Text
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Charlemagne's revenge of Roland's death at Roncesvalles became deeply and firmly impressed into the minds of the French people. It does not appear to be a coincidence that the first extent version of this great chanson was written around 1095 during the launching of the First Crusade. From a political maneuver, it turns into a call for a holy war against the Muslims of Spain on account of their attack on Charlemagne's rear guard at Roncesvalles. The epic delineates and clearly and firmly sets down the meanings of good and evil throughout. It does so distinctively in the battlefield scenes where super-mortal forces clash for the control of the earth, using mortal bodies of Christians and pagans in a way of cosmological significance. While based on historical facts, the Song of Roland went through editing in the three centuries between the massacre and the writing of this epic. It is historically factual that the rear guard of Charlemagne's army was slaughtered at Roncesvalles, but it was the Basques and the Muslims that crushed Charlemagne's forces. Neither were the Franks waging a holy war against Spain."
Tags: french, literature, islam, christianity, roland, war, history, medievel
Abstract This well-researched paper defines the collaborative teaching method as an approach which is geared towards all students at various levels and abilities with the main goal being the optimum maintenance of a heterogeneous classroom. This paper details the background to this particular teaching concept which is an all inclusive methodology and philosophy intended to provide a consistent education potential for all students. This paper discusses the appeal of collaborative teaching while also detailing the common characteristics of this particular method including the atypical relationship that is formed between the teacher and the student. The writer contends and explains that one of the main advantages to this particular teaching style is the flexibility and openness that this method offers. This paper also examines the published reports which claims that not enough research has been done on the issue of inclusive and collaborative learning to definitively determine its effectiveness.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Universal Design
Definition: Inclusive Classrooms and Teaching
Collaborative Teaching Definition
Legal Aspects
Collaborative and Inclusive Aspects of a Universal Design Environment
Conclusion: Advantages and Disadvantages
Bibliography
From the Paper "An important aspect of the collaborative classroom is the sharing of authority - which is an aspect which also has raised concern among many educators. The theory is that, while previously the teacher would set all tasks and work assignments, in a collaborative or inclusive teaching environment the students are invited to participate. They can for example, "... set specific goals within the framework of what is being taught, provide options for activities and assignments that capture different student interests and goals, and encourage students to assess what they learn." The teacher would then guide the student, and suggest areas for further research and learning. The teacher is therefore seen more in the role of mediator and facilitator than a traditional authoritarian figure. This approach has a number of decided educational advantages. For example, mediation from teachers in this environment assists the strident to connect to the new information provided through his or her personal experiences - making the learning process more relevant."
Tags: teaching, curriculum, student, teacher, research
This in-depth paper analyzes the methodology used by researchers in choosing a paradigm for research purposes while focusing on the philosophical presumptions which exist in regards to the nature of their primary research.
Abstract This well-researched paper defines the term 'research paradigm' as system of beliefs, values and techniques which are shared within a group or community. The writer of this paper focuses on research paradigms as a method of looking at the world while providing a specific foundation for researchers to understand what is going on around them. The writer contends and explains why paradigms are discernible by different sets of beliefs which are acquired from philosophical assumptions about the nature of reality. This paper focuses on both the positivist and interpretivist forms of paradigms as they relate to the field social science and research. Positivist paradigms stress significance and disposition while the interpretivist form of paradigms focus on substance and situation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Social Science Research and Natural Science
What is a Paradigm?
The Positivist Paradigm
The Interpretivist Paradigm
Alternative Perspectives
Paradigms and Methods
Paradigms and the Research Proposal
Conclusions
References
From the Paper "Pragmatists acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of each tool. They recognize not only that science affects decision-making but also politics, ignorance, intuition, habit, and prejudice. They also understand the limitations--recommendations are tentative and of a probabilistic nature. Miles and Huberman comment that "we believe that all of us, realists, relativists, critical theorists, are closer to the center, with multiple overlaps." A growing body of social research takes a stand somewhere between the two schools of thought. Eclectic researchers recognize that no piece of social research can be entirely objective, since no researcher is value free. Even in an overtly rigorous quantitative, head counting study, some implicit decisions have already been made as to which heads are worth counting. Eclectic researchers can be more flexible in designing the research process."
Abstract Examines how companies use research in their organizations, with an emphasis on customer research, competitor research and environmental research. The importance of the research department to better understand the customer base, competition both present and future, and environmental research that gained importance on a global level are all discussed.
From the Paper "Research is an important part of a company's operation even when the company is unaware that actual research is being conducted. Large companies may incorporate formal research projects into their ..."
Abstract This paper is an anthropological field project on the ritual of hair salons. The author points out multiple meanings of hair salons in minority communities. The paper relates the role of hair salons in women's concern with self-image and social interaction.
From the Paper "For many women, especially those from minority backgrounds such as African Americans and Hispanics, hair salons constitute more than a place for getting a haircut. Rather they are considered to be an integral part of the economic and social makeup of minority communities."
Abstract This paper looks at a research project which examined whether globalization has affected the goals of business leaders. It looks at the reasons for the research and the methods used.
From the Paper "The research project discussed in this article was to show to what extent the shrinking world had wiped out the effects of national cultures or whether persistent national culture differences have avoided the effects of globalization. Throughout history people have always traded and made deals while pursuing their own often very different goals. There has been no need so far for trading partners to share goals and values. However the business world is changing and when businesses from different countries enter ..."
Abstract This study focuses on the potential benefits of a rehabilitation and support program for non-violent ex-offenders in the community. The intent of the research is to gain insight regarding the critical elements necessary for a rehabilitation program to succeed and help reduce rates of recidivism in the community. After conducting an extensive preliminary literature review, the paper shows multiple critical success factors for a successful ex-offender support program. In addition to the literature review, the researcher proposes further investigation and field research that examine inmates' views and opinions regarding the potential benefits of a rehabilitation program for nonviolent ex-offenders.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem and Objectives
Background Of The Problem
Significance of the Study
Preliminary Literature Review
Ex-Offenders Problems
Programs In Other Countries
Opinions On Programs To Aid Ex Offenders
Benefits Of Rehabilitation
Programs That Work
Social Support For Ex-Offenders
Summary of the Research
Methods
Results
Limitations Of Study
Conclusions
References
From the Paper "Every year more than 600,000 people are released from prison, and this number continually grows (Petersilia, 2005). Studies suggest that up to 93 percent of inmates are released at some point in time (Petersilia, 2005). The needs of ex-offenders continue to grow as fewer and fewer rehabilitation programs exist to house and enable ex-offenders to gain meaningful employment. Reentry programs are vital to the success of ex-offenders and may substantially impact rates of recidivism among ex-offenders (Petersilia, 2005)."
Abstract This paper explains that the main theory behind this research is the belief that entrepreneurs do act differently from standard employees and that these entrepreneurs may either help or hinder their businesses based on the actions that they take. The author points out that, within the literature on management and organizations, there is a growing consensus that entrepreneurship has a very significant effect on an organization because innovation and invention, which are related to organizational productivity, are linked very strongly to entrepreneurship. The paper reports that research will be quantitative, using scaled questionnaires, which will involve entrepreneurs from both large and small companies.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Justification for Research Topic
Aims and Objectives
Aims
Objectives
Theories and Concepts
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Research Approach and Methods
Setting or Context for the Research
Explanation and Justification of Research Methods
Accessibility of the Data
Interpretation and Analysis of the Data
Tentative Timeline for Research Completion
From the Paper "Because the relationship between the performance of the organization and the entrepreneurship issue is so important, it has not been limited strictly to the private sector but has also been discussed within the context of education. Academic entrepreneurship is generally designed to increase the institutional or individual profit, prestige, or influence through developing and then marketing various research ideas or products that were based on that research. Generally, universities are not seen as being leaders when it comes to entrepreneurship. Individual attitudes and characteristics are often emphasized by organizational psychologists as being a strong source of entrepreneurship."
Abstract This paper takes a look at nanotechnology and reviews the possibilities of nanotechnology possessing the properties to become the next revolution. This paper also discusses the speech "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" given by Nobel Prize winning physicist, Richard Feynman, disagreeing that the laws of physics do not control man's capacity to control single atoms and molecules.
From the Paper "It has been said that with creation comes destruction. Technology has yet to perfect rational within nanotechnology. However, if a nanomachine with the capability of logical reasoning is developed, one must speculate whether or not nanotechnology can possess the properties to become the next revolution. Forming a new revolution can alter the way the society lives economically, scientifically, and in many other ways. In essence, nanotechnology with the capacity of logical reasoning can have the capability to become harmful instead of good, striving to bring out the destruction of its creator."
This paper is in two parts: A discussion of the prevention of juvenile delinquency and a. specific proposal for how to address the rising concern of juvenile delinquency among girls.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, 2005, $ 53.95
Abstract This paper explains that juvenile delinquency, which is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban centers, can lead to lawbreaking, which often can lead to adult lives as career criminals. The author stresses that it is important to understand some of the major risk factors causing juvenile delinquency and then develop potential institutional remedies. The paper uses statistics and general facts to support its conclusions.
From the Paper "Juvenile delinquency is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban centers where concentrations of impoverished youth from broken home situations are commonplace. Many of these young people - predominantly the boys - turn to delinquency and lawbreaking that can oft times lead to adult lives as career criminals. Consequently, it is important to understand some of the major risk factors causing juvenile delinquency and then develop potential institutional remedies. Theories for the causes of juvenile delinquency range from the commonsensical to the ridiculous. Somewhere in the middle are the statistically demonstrated factors that are indicators of whether or not a juvenile will turn to crime. Many types of crimes are associated primarily with the young and are considered "coming of age" crimes. These include drug experimentation, petty theft, and vandalism."
Abstract This paper proposes an evaluative study of the items needing an assessment processes vis-a-vis alcohol treatment programs, the methods by which alcohol treatment programs are most commonly evaluated, the manner by which new planning projects for programs are determined and the outcomes arrived at by some common programs.
From the Paper "Still other items of interest emerge. Having exhausted the topic of research methodologies, the proposal looks then at a work plan for the upcoming project as well as an offering an itemized budget for the project. Lastly, the paper takes the time to append some additional appendices that provide an insight into some of the scholarship inspiring and informing this paper. Included in the appendices is a tentative informed consent waiver or note. Lastly, there is a process supplement and question and answer section at the very end of the proposal that simply underscore the problems and challenges that the researcher expects to confront."
Abstract This paper reports that the results of the experiment were consistent with the hypothesis that people who play video games at least 10 hours a week will have improved reaction times over people who do not play video games. The author points out that, for the purposes of this study, gamers were defined as participants who played video games ten hours a week or more, while non-gamers were defined as those who played video games less than ten hours a week. The paper relates that an online survey was created through www.surveymonkey.com and administered to obtain demographics, information about the gaming habits of participants and whether or not they participated in any other activity that could increase their reaction times.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Methodology
Participants
Materials and Measures
Online Survey
Online Reaction Test
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Appendix: Gaming and Reaction Time Survey Questionnaire
From the Paper "Laming (1968) found that reaction times for recognition reaction time tests averaged 0.384 seconds. The means obtained from the current experiment are lower than the expected means for a reaction time test. The mean reaction time for gamers was 0.248 seconds, while that of non-gamers was 0.305 seconds. This may be due to the fact that the measures used in the current experiment were more accurate than those used by Laming or because the stimuli presented were simpler."
This paper discusses different types of forecasting used within an organization to obtain the very best chance of creating an accurate forecast for application purposes.
Abstract In this article, the writer first discusses what is meant by the 'forecasting' of an application. The writer then examines how useful this is today. Further, the writer discusses which are the organizations that use the method of forecasting in their applications and looks at the more popular methods of forecasting today. In this paper, the writer discusses linear regression,the Delphi Forecasting method, technological forecasting and the time series forecasting method. The writer notes that exponential smoothing is one of the best forecasting methods used today, perhaps because of its innate simplicity and lack of complexity.
From the Paper "Linear regression is the method wherein a straight line is calculated with a simple method, while in the exponential function, an increasing or a decreasing curve is used. Some of the 'smoothing' methods are the 'moving average' and the 'double moving average'. While the moving average method attempts to smooth out past data by averaging the past periods and using that data to project the view forwards, the 'double moving average' uses the moving average calculations twice. The seasonal method uses past data again, but in a deseasonalized version, and this data is used to apply seasonal effects on the forecasting. Winter's additive and the winter's multiplicative are the two methods of seasonal smoothing methods."
Abstract In this article, the writer studies ways of motivating Circuit City sales employees. The goal of the proposed study is to attempt to motivate employees to increase sales in each of the city's five Circuit City stores through offering sales personnel in each of those stores, gift card incentives for reaching certain sales goals. The writer notes that the hypothesis for the study is that, during the month that the gift card bonus incentive program is in place, within the five target Circuit City stores city-wide, sales per employee, and overall sales per store, will increase as a result of these incentives.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the Problem
Study Subjects
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Research Methods
References
From the Paper "No magic formula exists, anywhere, for motivating employees, but when employees feel unmotivated, not only morale, but business itself suffers. Industrial psychologists might argue that secret(s) to motivating employees lie, in knowing and understanding what makes individual employees tick: what their interests, values, hobbies, and goals are; what they like to do outside work, what they enjoy most (or least) about their jobs, etc., as well as how employees work well together."
