Abstract This paper provides the parameters for a hypothetical research study designed to address three key factors in the shortage of professional nurses in the medical profession. It should be noted that this study is inherently flawed from the outset, as most studies are designed to only prove the presence of one key factor in any set relationship. Because of this flaw, this study shall therefore be designed using the survey method, where professional nurses are required to fill out a survey regarding their professional lives and the problems that they find therein.
This paper compares the anthropological techniques used by Clifford Geertz in his book, "Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight", and Michael Moore, in his film, ?Bowling for Colombine".
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, 2004, $ 41.95
Abstract This paper discusses that, when most people observe aspects of an issue that they are studying, it is often difficult not to come up with certain generalizations regarding aspects of a society. The author believes that, through their observations and studies, Geertz and Moore are able to find some in-depth looks at the societies they study; but they come up with some general conclusions in a scientific way, without enough evidence to support them.
From the Paper "Through applying certain anthropological methods, Clifford Geertz makes some strong points in his study of the Balinese cockfights. In order for him to study appropriately the Balinese cockfights, it was essential for him to become more of a part of the Balinese culture. Only by this can an anthropologist obtain a better understanding and a more in-depth perspective of a certain aspect of a society. Most people that would observe the cockfights would view it as a spectator sport, without much meaning behind the activity. After all, the Balinese government ruled the cockfights illegal and was ashamed that the fights were part of the Balinese culture."
Abstract This paper presents a study in which students from a middle and high school completed a battery of assessments to determine the moderating effects of perceived social support, academic achievement, and academic involvement on the relationship between Supportive Educational Services (SES) and early sexual experiences. The paper shows that significant effects were found for perceived social support and academic achievement, but not for academic involvement. These findings underscore the necessity of parents to be involved in their children's lives and work to keep them interested in their schoolwork. The paper also includes tables.
From the Paper "One variable expected to have an effect on the timing of sexual intercourse is academic performance. Past studies have shown that school performance and educational aspirations are strong predictors of both sexual activity and teen pregnancy (Hogan & Kitagawa, 1985; Moore, Peterson, & Furstenberg, 1986). Adolescents who score higher on tests, receive better grades in school, and report higher educational aspirations are less likely than their peers to engage in early sexual activity. Because grades are correlated with the socioeconomic position of the student's family (see Chapell & Overton, 2002; Dumais, 2002; Sutton & Soderstrom, 1999), studying adolescents from low SES families who perform well in school may help to determine if academic performance moderates the relationship between low socioeconomic status and timing of sexual intercourse."
The following proposal identifies the key characteristics of strategic planning and implementation in business organizations, regardless of their designation as a for-profit or not-for-profit entity.
Abstract The following research proposal seeks to fulfill the following primary objectives: A discussion of quality in relation to strategic management; the significance of effective strategic planning processes; the difference between strategic thinking and strategic planning; strategic positioning in not-for-profit organizations; strategic development in entrepreneurial-minded firms; and the effective utilization of strategic tools in organizations of all sizes. Each of these concepts is discussed in the literature review and serves as background information for the proposed research study and methodology in question.
From the Paper "An article by Beecroft (1999) entitled "The role of quality in strategic management" discusses the significance of quality considerations in the development of effective organizational strategies. Of primary concern is the relationship between quality, short and long-term objectives, and bottom line profits. According to the author, "Conformance to design and customer requirements translates to quality, therefore higher conformance is higher quality. Higher quality results in lower costs and increases competitiveness, leading to an increase in sales and market share, more jobs and improved profitability" (p. 499). In relation to strategic planning and implementation, the consideration of quality as an overall dynamic for future success must be included in any given strategic initiative. Quality must always be considered in relation to productivity and profitability to promote a successful venture. The author also indicates that "quality strategy should include a quality mission, vision and/or policy documents"the quality strategy is a vital element to building the quality process and expectations of the organization? (p. 500). Regardless of the direction that is chosen for strategic implementation, matters of quality must be taken into account to initiate widespread change and acceptance."
Abstract This paper presents a research proposal. It begins with the thesis statement: if spiritual maturity comes only from a dynamic faith, then Christian education must be anchored in principles of free will and dynamic intercourse. It then describes proposed research methods and contexts and lists the problem. It briefly summarizes a literature review and discusses research methods and assumptions, as well as proposed research results and arguments.
From the Paper "Spiritual maturity only comes from a dynamic Christian faith capable of adaptation and change within the orthodox boundaries of so-called "mere" Christianity. Yet many Christians today are loosing their essential faith, turning to agnosticism and athiesm out of disillunsionment or misguided moral obligation. Christian education is failing the majority of its students -- in order to succeed, it must adapt its methods to become a support for, rather than impediment to, the dynamic God-directed path of the individual believer."
Abstract Discusses background and definitions, theory in scientific inquiry, applications of quantitative statistical methods, descriptive statistics, statistical inference techniques, internal validity, measuring instruments, and reliability.
From the Paper "This paper reviewed concepts and issues involved in research design and statistical analysis. The discussions covered ..."
Abstract Examines the increase of juvenile sexual aggression, abuse, and assault. Considers the characteristics of adolescent sex offenders and the use of psychotherapy to understand criminal behavior. The paper proposes a research study.
From the Paper "Research Proposal:
Psychopathology of Juvenile Male Sex Offenders
Review of Literature
There is evidence of a significant increase in the reports of juvenile sexual aggression and sexual abuse with sexual assault in general one of the fastest growing ..."
Abstract A 1999 article by James L. Pirkle and John T. Bernert, entitled "Evaluation of Four Maternal Smoking Questions", used a survey method for research. This paper examines this survey instrument with regards to its validity and reliability, as well as its appropriateness for the task at hand. The data collection method the authors used and the levels of data measurement for variables are also discussed in order to fully understand the research that was done and whether it was completed in such a way as to be statistically significant and valid.
From the Paper "Analysis of the survey instrument would indicate that it is valid and reliable. There is always some question as to reliability in any given survey instrument, simply because there is no way to guarantee that the people answering the questions are telling the truth. Because of this, the final data could be affected, but the likelihood is that the lies told on the survey, if any, are of a small enough number not to be statistically significant."
Abstract This paper explains that, while a cure is probably decades away, some of the most promising treatments for Alzheimer's actually include the use of vitamins.The author designs a study, which uses a diverse set of test groups with a large number of participants and a number of research tests conducted over a 5-year period. The paper reports that, if there is a nutritional link between the onset of the disease, the groups with the poorest personal nutritional history should present the highest occurrence of the disease; the groups receiving supplements and having the higher levels of personal nutritional well-being will present the lowest level of Alzheimer's disease.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem and Research Hypothesis
Literature review
Methods
Sample
Methods
Measures
Data Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "In another study, William B. Grant, a NASA research scientist, suggests estrogen therapy, Vitamin E and the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen may also help reduce incidence of the dreaded memory-loss disease. Grant produced no original research, but rather analyzed data in previously published studies on the prevalence of Alzheimer's and components of the national diets for 11 countries. His statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between high-fat diets and high rates of the disease."
Abstract One of the most important and basic areas of organizational essentials is that of the relationship and compatibility between the conceptual perspectives and ideologies of the CEO and the collective platform of human resources; this is typically the most critical factor in regard to determining the productivity inherent to any particular firm. This paper presents a comprehensive research proposal, which ultimately concludes that motivation and hygiene are the most crucial components in regard to determining the degree of influence that the CEO yields over his or her staff members.
Paper Outline
Part I: Introduction, Purpose and Organization
Introduction
Thesis
The Purpose of the Study
The Scope of the Study
Limitations of the Study
General Background Information; Contemporaneous Organizational Socio- Psychology
The Voluntary Sector
The Motivation Factor
Part II: Theory
Analysis of the Methodological Characteristics of the Study
Part II: Data and Measurement
The Relevance of Two Opposing Psychological Tendencies
The Instrumentality of the Two Theories, X and Y
Employee Satisfaction and its Quantitative Standards
The Hierarchy of Needs & its Motivational Relevance
Part III: Data and Measurement
Part IV: Methods and Measurements
Part V: Results and Normative Paradigms
Part VI: Summary, Conclusions and Paradigm Overviews and Alternatives
References
From the Paper "John J. Morse and Jay W. Lorsch, within their study, Beyond Theory Y, 2000, take into consideration the relevance of the psychologies of employees to the intrinsic rate of organizational productivity. They assertively decree the existence of a Theory Y, that upholds and lends to the worker's naturally inherent interest in the mode of work (s) that he or she is expected to perform. The employee prefers to be self- directed and seeks responsibility. The worker is ready to solve business problems. On the other hand, there is also the acknowledgement of a Theory X, which assumes that people naturally dislike work and subsequently, that they have to be coerced, controlled and directed toward the particularly necessary organizational goals."
This paper discusses, with the inclusion of a qualitative research project, the supply-chain elements of e-commerce, or electronic commerce, and its effect on traditional businesses supply chains.
Abstract This paper explains that an electronically documented supply chain, extending the entire length of the distance a product travels, creates a business climate in which there is a far higher degree of accountability and responsibility than there was before e-commerce. The author's research is based on guided, unstructured interviews with managers in both small and large companies that use EDI systems as a part of their overall business strategy of incorporating an e-supply chain to increase efficiency. The paper concludes that the overall results of this research suggests that an e-supply chain raises the stakes for the suppliers, thus,in relative terms, lowering the stakes for the final company in the chain. This paper includes an extensive discussion on the philosophy of research methodology.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Statement of Problem
The E-Supply Chain as Embedded in the Structure of E-Commerce
Review of the Related Literature
E-Supply Chains as Part of Overall Business Strategy
Methodology
Quantitative versus Qualitative Research
Different Tools for Different Questions ? and Different Questioners
Validity and Reliability of Data
Research Design
Treatment of Data
Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "Companies now have a wide range of distribution networks and channels available to them as they attempt to match consumers with goods. Having the right product to offer is never enough if supply lines fail and customers cannot actually buy whatever it is that they want. Some businesses try to keep their customers happy through direct selling ? like the clothing company Land's End ? in attempt to simplify the processes of logistics and distribution so as to limit the number of possible complications in the process."
This paper is a complete original research study exploring the benefits of e-training in organizations, the challenges and tasks associated with the implementation of e-training, and how Chinese firms can benefit from such technology.
Abstract This paper defines e-training, or e-learning, as the delivery of information by means of electronic media by making use of various techniques such as the Internet, intranet, extranet, Ethernet, teleconferencing or audio conferencing, video conferencing, cable networks, broadcast by satellites, interactive television, and CD-ROM. Furthermore, e-training also can be defined as an extension in learning by means of technological networks, which are designed to deliver and administer information. The author, after an extensive review of research methodology, selects a quantitative data collection instrument, a structured questionnaire using a Likert scale. The paper relates that, in spite of the fact that e-training is renowned in the world as the best tool for training organizational employees in a very short span of time with much less cost than incurred before, the employees in this study are skeptical about e-training's overall effectiveness.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Statement
Importance of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Scope of the Study
Definition E-Training
Overview of the Study
Literature Review
Introduction
E-learning
E-training in China
Research Methodology
Introduction
Methodology
Instrumentation
Biology
Validity and Reliability
Processing of the Data
Population
Data Collection
Research Design
Sample
Aims of Research
Ethical Considerations
Research Findings
Introduction
Score Card
Findings
Discussion
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper "According to a report from a discussion forum, up till 2000 Chinese firms could not even think of e-training or online training or education. While 2001 statistics reveal that e-learning has gained the prominence of being at one of the top thirty priorities with the Chinese firms. As such it is given that in the corporate world, majority of the development and market growth is attributed to the adoption of e-learning in the wake of the importance shown by other multinational companies operating in China. It is also reported that there are many medium sized Chinese companies that has adapted e-learning practices as a way to improve and as such this improvement is leading towards the growth in the market in the coming years in areas like telecommunication, banking, and finance."
This paper is a research proposal to examine Medicare reform and determine whether it will actually end up costing taxpayers more money than the previous system did.
Abstract This paper relates that, with the proposed reforms of the Medicare system, most people will not be able to use it because it would actually cost them more to do so than it would to simply not have insurance at all. The author feels that one of the biggest problems is that seniors who have Medicare do not have any coverage for prescription drugs, and because of this, they have to pay a large amount of money out of pocket., The paper stresses that the study, designed to be more of a subjective rather than an objective study, is based on the review of the available literature and the opinions and beliefs of those that make up this literature group because it does not appear that statistical research would be helpful.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Overview of the Study
Significance of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Scope of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Description of Sources Used
Positive Aspects
Negative Aspects
Literature Review
Methodology
Research Design and Approach
Procedures Used and Data Analysis
Research Considerations and Limitations
Validity and Uniqueness of the Data
Summary
From the Paper "The sources used for this particular literature review did not come from the expected peer reviewed journals and magazines. This is largely because the Medicare reforms have not officially been enacted, and therefore studies into how they are impacting individuals who use the Medicare system have not been conducted. Because of this, there are few sources that can actually be found that deal with the Medicare reforms and how they are going to affect the elderly. At least, this is true of professional journals and official sources."
This paper is a dissertation proposal to study the economic and political factors contributing to the time path of unemployment in Russia as compared to former Eastern Block countries.
Abstract This paper explains that the Russian delay in achieving low unemployment can be directly attributed to reasons of education, specific human capital mismatch, low wages, tax schemes designed to punitively tax so-called excess profits, and other factors. The author points out that Russian unemployment figures have been difficult to come by in the past, due in part to the country's definition of unemployment, and the way employment and unemployment are measured by the government. The paper states that the dissertation will examine time points in the data of major market indicators, such as employment levels, wages, and availability of various factors of production of each of the countries to illuminate the causal effects of economic and political practices affecting rates of unemployment in Russia and selected former satellite countries.
Table of Contents
Dissertation Plan
Proposed Content Synopsis
Factors Effecting Unemployment and the Difference between General and Transitional Unemployment
Economic Determinants of Employment Levels
Expected Results of Transitional Economies
Looking at the Data
Conclusion
From the Paper "Current economic models attempt to explain the determinants that affect levels of employment. These include where the employment equilibrium sits, how short and long run economic factors affect the equilibrium, and what short and long run factors in Russia and the chosen former Soviet block countries are contributing to the overall unemployment levels of these countries. Aside from internal pressures, Russia's response to external factors, such as WTO accession on Russian economy have profound effects on Russia's overall economic health and of course on its rate of short and long-term unemployment."
This paper discusses conflict resolution, a method beginning in the early grades to teach children the systematic way to handle differences with others.
Abstract This paper explains that educators recognize that the management of classroom behavior problems is one of the most important skills a teacher can have; however, many teachers feel it is the area where they are the less prepared. The author relates that the goal of conflict resolution is to teach students to identify conflicts and to learn to find ways to solve the differences in what is called a "win/win" way, where both people walk away feeling the resolution was fair and just. The paper suggests a research project to test the efficacy of conflict management in the classroom by using a checklist of disruptive behavioral problems to compare behaviors in classrooms that either use or do not use conflict management.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Review of the Literature
Hypothesis
How to Proceed
From the Paper "Bryant-Edwards, et. al. (2002) found students who had been suspended for behavior problems during one and one-half year period and put them into a program called "Alternative to Suspension for Violent Behavior" (ASVB), which was based on conflict resolution. The researchers looked for four desired outcome -- a reduced rate of later suspensions for participants for physical violence; reduced suspensions not related to violence; reduced rate of suspension overall for students completing the program; and a lower rate of other disciplinary interventions. However, assignment to groups was not random, and other factors seemed to be relevant."
