Abstract This paper describes the history and uses of radio frequency identification (RFID). The author describes the history of radio frequency identification, especially as used during World War II. The paper further describes practical applications of radio frequency identification today, such as on toll roads and also in moving products to their destinations. The author uses Wal-Mart as an example, and also has several charts to demonstrate how RFID is used in industry. The paper concludes with potential uses for RFID in the future.
Outline:
History of Radio Frequency Identification
Fundamentals of Radio Frequency Identification
Exploring the type of RFID Tags
Active RFID Tags
Active Backscatter Tags
Passive Backscatter Tags
RFID's Future Applications
Figure 1: Comparing RFID Frequencies
Figure 2: Comparing RFID Tags and their Use
Figure 3: Exploring How RFID Works
Figure 4: RFID's Impact on a Manufacturer's Supply Chain
Table 1:
Mass customization manufacturing strategies which can be automated through RFID
Figure 5: Using RFID Technology to streamline the MRO Process
Figure 6: Authentication techniques using RFID to validate products using RFID
From the Paper "The 1990s were a significant decade for RFID since it saw the widespread deployment of electronic toll collection in the United States according to AIM (2001). From the lessons learned in transportation and the work completed by IBM engineers who developed and patented an ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID system according to RFID Journal (2002) which could be read up to 20 feet away., the foundation for reading tags in motion from a distance was of immediate interest to mass merchandisers including Wal-Mart. The pioneering work IBM had done in UHF RFID was sold off to Intermec when the computer conglomerate encountered financial difficulties in the mid 1990s. Intermec, an industry leader in bar coding and material handling applications, struggled to make the technology a market success. What were missing were data standards and the ability to create Master Data Management repositories that could be queried and used for analysis."
Abstract This paper examines the current trend of people listening more frequently to conservative or "right wing" talk shows. It focuses on the shows of three hosts - John Carlson, Michael Savage and Rush Limbaugh and discusses how they have successfully adapted their conservative radio programs to compete with new forms of media.
From the Paper "Imagine a view from the early 1920?s; a family huddled together in front of their brand new radio. The children are excitedly waiting for the familiar sounds of ?The Lone Ranger.? Mom and Dad sit back, enjoying not only the family time together, but their moments of quiet relaxation. Eighty years ago this was the image most Americans conjure in their minds when they pictured the early day of radio. Today, radio has changed dramatically. The word radio no longer can describe the genera's housed under it. We have music radio, with pop, rock, country and jazz. Separate from musical radio is talk radio, which encompassed home and garden tips, health information, and, often, conservative opinion talk radio programs."
Tags: communication, limbaugh, mass, media, michael, radio, rush, savage
Abstract The paper looks at the beginnings of the KDKA radio broadcasting station and describes the events leading up to the first broadcast in 1920. The paper discusses the KDKA's growth through the years and explains how the station has managed to remain on the air for over 80 years.
From the Paper "On November 2nd in 1920, four individuals in Pittsburgh, PA made history when they reported election results over airways, becoming one of the first broadcasting stations in the United States. While their broadcast consisted of only election results, their efforts brought personal, immediate information to listeners in a way that had never before been seen, and is commonly thought to be the birth of radio journalism (Finn, 294). While their original broadcast made history, the events preceding and following the occurrence made what was to become the KDKA radio station a landmark of radio broadcasting over the next 80 years."
An in-depth analysis of the existing framework of community broadcasting in India and how to use community radio for development in underdeveloped areas.
Abstract The paper looks at community radio as a new way of providing communication development support to the people residing outside of the major cities in India. The paper analyzes the existing framework of community broadcasting in India with regard to historical background, legal and financial aspects, policy interventions and government and corporate interest. The writer explores the best possible practices for community radio to be used as a community participatory tool to ensure the participation of the underprivileged sectors of the society in designing, producing and then subsequent airing of radio programs based on local community issues, problems, needs and interests. In conclusion, the writer posits that the denial of information to the lower classes aggravates the poverty gap and that community radio could help bridge this gap.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What is Community Media?
The Concept of Community Radio What Community Radio Can Do?
The Present Scenario of Community Radio in India
The Legal Aspects of Community Radio in India
The Financial Aspects of Community Radio in India
The Technical and Training Requirements
Possibilities Within the Existing Indian Framework
The Policy Interventions
The Indian Experiences
Community Radio - Voices
Community Radio - AID
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "In contrast to the government efforts to bridge the digital divide and to take the advantages of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to the masses, the colonial and fossilized Indian Broadcasting laws continues to hold sway over the broadcasting arena. On the one hand, Judiciary has endorsed that 'airways are public property', while on the other, in practical realm, lines between public and private broadcasting still remain conveniently blurred. No doubt, that private radio has made an entry into the Indian broadcast arena, but community radio remains to find legitimacy by the law of the land."
Abstract This paper examines how, during the years from 1930-1960, radio became an increasingly popular form of entertainment for Americans. It looks at how technological changes helped spark the spectacular growth of radio and how in the 1930s radio programs were hugely varied and included a wide number of entertainment programs, as well as a number of hugely popular news programs. It explores how governmental intervention in radio began in 1934 with the creation of the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and how, in the years from 1930 to 1960, radio gradually shifted its focus from variety-style entertainment programs to music programming, largely as a result of the appearance of television. It also discusses how radio today focuses largely on the music industry rather than the variety programs that were popular during the years 1930-1940, but still remains a hugely popular part of American culture.
Outline
Introduction
Government Involvement
Technology
The Growth of Radio 1930-1960
Programming
Famous Moments
Important People and Performers
The Preservation of Old-Time Radio Conclusion
From the Paper "In the 1940s, FM became popular, as the FCC authorized broadcasting on 42-50MHZ. During the war, manufacturing and technology boom in radio, although home users were limited by wartime shortages. In 1945, the FCC changed the FM band to 88 to 108 megacycles. In 1946, selenium rectifiers began to replace vacuum tube rectifiers. By 1947 the size of radios were reduced, as miniature rectifiers, tubes, transformers and printed circuit boards became popular. The transistor was invented in 1947, and first introduced to the public in 1948 (A Brief History of Radio). "
Tags: variety, programs, entertainment, television
This paper is a general overview of the satellite radio industry, which uses satellites to beam exclusive, high-quality ad-free digital programming coast-to-coast. There is also a comparison of Sirius and XM Satellite Radio, the only two companies.
Abstract This paper relates that the satellite radio industry is in the very early stages with a predicted long, multi-year global growth curve. The author points out that Sirius has set the tone for the industry, being the first to offer commercial free programming on all its music channels and has larger selection of receivers, adapters and other products. XM has a cheaper subscription fee, at least for its basic plan, which offers much the same fare as its competitor. The paper concludes that Sirius and XM Satellite Radio companies have individual benefits, which will ensure their longevity in the satellite radio industry, and the companies are on a level playing field
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Satellite Radio Overview of Sirius Satellite Radio Overview of XM Satellite Radio Comparative Analysis of Sirius and XM Satellite Radio
From the Paper "Just as many TV viewers have come to consider cable TV a life necessity, so too is satellite radio becoming a mainstream replacement for traditional AM/FM listening. Similar to cable, this service has to be paid for, but just as with cable, you get a lot more channels and edgier, more innovative programming. An additional benefit is that there is no loss of your favorite station as you travel across the state or country. As an added plus, satellite players show the artist and name of the song, which is definitely an incentive for those who like to know what they're listening to."
Abstract This paper discusses the use of radio-diagnostic imagery instead of the more standard form of autopsy in forensic medicine. The paper examines the pros and cons of using images provided by machinery such as MRIs instead of the information provided by the more invasive autopsy procedure. The paper discusses the accuracy of radio-diagnostic imagery compared with its less technologically advanced counterpart in determining causes of death. The author concludes that while radio-diagnostic imaging can be useful in forensic medicine, it can not yet replace traditional autopsy.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Negative Findings in the use of Radio-diagnostic Imaging in Forensic Medicine
Positive Findings in the use of Radio-diagnostic Imaging in Forensic Medicine
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "There has been an increase in the use of MRI in forensics in making a diagnosis when death involved either injury or disease. Stated to be one of the: "main criticisms of the use of MRI as an alternative to conventional autopsy is the lack of validation of this imaging technique." This is due to the mixed results that have been reported related to MRI post mortem examinations in the fields of neuropathology and paediatrics."
Tags: MRI, forensic, medicine, Post, Mortem, Magnetic, Resonance, Imaging
This paper applies marketing principles to a marketing case featuring the introduction by satellite radio XM Radio of a new revolutionary product, Replay Radio.
Abstract This paper discuses Replay Radio's product life cycle, channel management, an advertising plan and price, promotional and public relations strategies. The author points out that, during the launch phase, XM's marketing team should follow a skimming price strategy because of their competitive advantage and limited product availability. The paper relates that the pricing strategy for Replay Radio should be sales-oriented objective, which seeks some level of unit sales, dollar sales or share of market goal without referring to profit. The author recommends an initial promotion schedule starting the first of August so that the company can catch the height of sports, shopping and new releases for television shows and the music tour calendar. The paper suggests a public relation campaign by promoting technological sharing with the other satellite radio system Sirius, to assist in growing the industry market.
From the Paper "The second phase is growth, during this phase of the product's life cycle the product tends to become more profitable and competitors tend to become more attracted to the market. Companies tend to start forming alliances, and more money is put into the advertising the product. Replay radio should be in mass production at this point of the life cycle and be marketed to manufacturers worldwide. The third phase is maturity; products that tend to survive the early phases normally spend the longest in this particular phase. Sales tend to grow at a decreasing rate then stabilize and price wars begin with the competition and promotion of the product becomes more widespread."
Abstract The paper examines amateur radio as it relates to what it is, how it works, who uses it, its educational application and the telecommunications systems associated with its use. The paper shows how there still exists a group of people that are fascinated by amateur radio and continue to utilize it as a mode of communication.
Outline:
Introduction
What is Amateur Radio?
How does Amateur Radio Work?
Who Uses It?
What are the Educational Applications of Amateur Radio?
Telecommunications systems
Conclusion
From the Paper "When most people think of amateur radio they envision an individual tinkering around with some home made contraption. Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, came about in the early part of the 20th century (Hilmes, 2007). Amateur radio began as two-way radio communication in which operators created radio sets with little more than wires, tubes and switches (Hilmes, 2007). Operators then used Morse code to communicate over the airwaves."
Tags: Morse, code, Packet, ham, communication, frequencies
Abstract The paper analyzes whether humor in radio advertising aids the listener in comprehension and recall. The author discusses past experimental studies that look at the effect of humor in advertising upon source credibility, comprehension, and audience preference, and compares them to the author's own method of experimentation.
From the Paper:
"The use of humor in radio advertising is not a new concept. Every year millions of dollars are spent in the development and execution of humorous advertising in the United States. It is a tool that advertisers and radio stations have been using for years to grab the attention of their listeners. They use humor to help them place a product image in the listeners mind, but does this technique really work? Advertisers use humor appeals in radio advertising in order to differentiate a product whose advertising faces a heavy amount of corporate noise. The use of humor, some advertisers feel, can help listener recall, and attitude toward the brand. Humor, however, is hard to conceptualize or put into operation."?
Abstract The following paper discusses why radio journalism has been adversely affected somewhat by the advent of new technology in the field of communication. The writer also comments on the changing definition of what radio journalism encompasses. This paper endeavours to explore what these factors and trends are that have led to the degeneration of radio journalism, as well as what the future of radio journalism might entail.
From the Paper ?Prior to conducting this undertaking, a brief timeline of events needs to be given in order to understand the degeneration of radio journalism through the gradual descent in popularity of its chief vehicle. In 1873, Maxwell publishes the theory of radio waves, which leads to the broadcast of voice and music in the U.S. in 1906. This development is capitalized on when DeForest starts broadcasting radio music on a regular basis in 1907. In 1909, the first broadcast talk was held and the topic was on women's right to vote. In 1912, the U.S. government passes a law to regulate radio stations (http://www.ibiblio.org/jpurnalism/jhistory/, 7). In the 1920s, radio starts to compete with print media, such as newspapers and magazines (Emery, Emery & Roberts, 1996, 5). In the 1930s, the golden age of radio begins. However, by 1948, the general population start demanding television (http://www.ibiblio.org/jpurnalism/jhistory/, 8-10), and the golden age of radio ends as it starts to compete with television, and then later other technological inventions in communication and entertainment, for a share in the consumer market.?
Abstract This paper explores how radio has matured over the years and where it is likely to go in the future. The author examines what areas of human communication is radio changing (news, entertainment, the "Global Village") and who uses radio technology (entertainers, politicians, propagandists, etc.). The paper includes moral or social issues have arisen from radio (censorship, the "shock jocks"). The paper discusses the future of the technology (streaming audio).
Abstract This essay discusses the failings of radio and the rising dominance of iPod and internet radio.
It shows how mainstream radio has come to the conclusion that the so-called iPod generation is tuning out in preference of their portable, commercial free iPod. Some radio stations have started to replace the traditional DJ with programmers and machines.
From the Paper "After dumbing down their playlists, playing more commercials per hour than ever before, all but putting the kibosh on listener requests, and, at some stations, replacing DJs with programmers and machines, mainstream radio is suddenly coming to the revelation that the so-called iPod generation is tuning out, perhaps for good. With the advent of the ability to carry some 15,000 songs in your pocket at all times, it would have seemed obvious for radio, and the music industry at large, to have seen this coming quite some time ago. "
Abstract This paper compares talk radio to news radio and explains the significant role that talk radio plays. It discusses the importance of music to people and their lives along with the direction that rap music is heading.
From the Paper "There are a couple major differences that exist between a talk radio and a news program. The first is definitely the way in which the information is delivered. In a news program, there is really no interaction between listeners and the newscaster. Everything is one sided, as the news is fed to the audience, and they are not given the chance to respond. On the other hand, a talk radio show encourages listeners to call up the station and voice their opinions. This communication between talk show host and listeners always results in a much more interesting and entertaining show. The second distinction between a talk radio and news program is that with a news program, one can expect to be told the facts and nothing more. While in the case of a talk radio show, a discussion is often triggered by a known factual piece of information, but it is almost always accompanied by the opinionated input of the host concerning the matter at hand. The latter is, of course, the major draw that appeals to audiences moreso than merely listening to the news. Interactivity between the host and a caller plays a major role in contributing to the overall entertainment value of the show."
Abstract This paper examines radio regulation in Canada when radio first emerged in the 1920sand 1930s. It focuses on the government's objectives in creating the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and the Canadian Radio Broadcast Corporation (CRBC).
