Abstract This paper analyzes the Diceyan model as a belief in limited government intervention and how this belief is in direct contrast to the new English law that emerged at the time.
From the Paper 'The Diceyan model of sovereignty was written within the context of the late 19th century and a belief in limited government and minimum state intervention. The modern 20th century has altered this context with the growth of government intervention and the role of the state; and many critics (before 1972) have stressed the limitations of this theory. Nonetheless, it is testament to the Diceyan model that it remains the classical definition of sovereignty. The UK's signing of the European Communities Act in 1972, however, was without doubt a major legal and political watershed and a challenge to the traditional Diceyan approach. The UK courts have been forced to gradually reconsider the traditional approach and arguably reduce their supremacy."
Abstract This paper presents a case study of Canada's Department of National Defense and reviews the strategic direction and structural organization of the department as well as its history and development. Many tables, diagrams and graphs are included with the paper.
From the Paper "...Thus, the overall mission and responsibilities of the Department of National Defense ultimately acts to uphold democracy, individual rights and freedoms, peace and order, good government, and a sustainable and stable economy..."
Abstract This essay addresses the change in American politics, with reference to the Constitution and how the Republican views of the founding fathers has not been kept.
From the Paper "A constitution embodies the fundamental principles of a government. The United States (US) constitution, adopted by the sovereign power, is amendable by that power only. To the constitution all laws, executive actions, and, judicial decisions must conform, as it is the creator of the powers exercised by the departments of government. A brief history of the origins of the constitution will follow, the point that is to be argued is that although the founding fathers did an exceptional job in creating a constitution that would last for centuries to come, the constitution is now out of date, it is my view and that of others, that a Democratic state has taken over the Republican state that was envisaged by the framers of the constitution and therefore the constitution itself is out of date. Although American citizens idolise the constitution and have it form a pivotal part of their lives the ideology behind its making and the one that exists in contemporary America are two distinctly different things. The ideology of the founding fathers shall be analysed, specifically the way that they envisaged a Republic, and America is now viewed, by its own people, and outsiders as a great Democracy."
Abstract This very comprehensive paper gives an account of the economic history of Malaysia. It begins with the pre-independence era and then goes discusses all of the major political events and policies involved in bringing the country to its current position as the third largest economy in east Asia. Mentioned are the disputes between ethnic Malays and Chinese immigrants, the successful rural development programs, the 1997 Asian economic crisis and the communist movement. The paper includes a number of clear economic tables and is well researched.
From the paper:
?It is never possible entirely to distinguish a nation's economy from its political situation, however this may be especially true in the case of colonies and recently freed colonies because more than other governmental bodies colonial governments are founded to make the extraction of raw materials from the colony as economically efficient as possible.
This paper examines the economic development of the nation of Malaysia in the years after independence in 1957 until the present. This economic history is bound up with the country's political development as a modern nation as well, and so to the extent that the two are integrated they will be both considered in this paper while the emphasis remains on the economic sector.?
A detailed look at the way various functions are shared between regions in metropolitan police areas with specific reference to Los Angeles, Nashville, Chicago, and San Francisco.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 3 sources, 2001, $ 78.95
Abstract This paper details how police functions are shared between regions in metropolitan police areas. The writer looks closely at four different large police departments including: Los Angeles, Nashville, Chicago, and San Francisco to see the differences and similarities in how they handle their inter-regional information, training and tasks. Some of the tasks that are examined include dispatch, training and community awareness.
From the paper:
?Today large metropolitan areas have worked out systems for training and other functions in which they can share information regionally and utilize the regional powers to the best of their ability thereby creating a top-flight police department.?
Abstract This paper concerns itself with applying Thomas H. Green's taxonomy of revolution leadership, "Comparative Revolutionary Movements" to two cases in a comparative manner: the enigmatic personas of Samora Machel and Sam Nujoma. The author provides extensive background information on the revolutions and revolutionaries in question. The paper discusses how Green sets out an analytical framework for comparing revolutions based on the comparison of leadership, support, ideology, organization, techniques and external support.
From the Paper:
"Revolution has pervaded the landscape of modern African history with a plethora of different examples. To be sure, from Algeria to Guinea Bissau, Angola to Mozambique and Zimbabwe to Namibia, Africa has seen her fair share of transformation-orientated uprising. Each of the myriad of African revolutions has their own story to tell regarding causes, characteristics and outcomes. This paper concerns itself with the characteristics of revolution. To be specific, the leaderships aspects of revolution. Now, African history is colored with many great revolutionaries: Hendrik Witbooi, Joshua Nkomo, Robert Mugabe, Jonas Savimbi, Ben Bella, john Chilembwe and Bambatha all invoke in their own right memories of the some of the greatest African leaders of our time and that of the generations before us. It is important to understand the socio-psychology of this very unique type of leadership. To this end, we can employ the criterion of Thomas H Green, developed in his seminal work "Comparative Revolutionary Movements."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the emergency services available in Florida and examines whether they would be prepared to deal with a major earthquake. Each service is analyzed for their preparedness, a look at other government assistance available and lists of financial support which would be given to citizens in such an event.
From the paper:
"What would happen if Florida were to be hit by a devastating earthquake? This paper suggests a possible emergency response to such an event. While Florida is as prepared as a state can be (having had a fair amount of practice recently) in responding to hurricanes, it has (of course) relatively little practice in responding to earthquakes. However, some fault lines do lie under the Atlantic, of course, and so Florida is subject to potential earthquakes. Fortunately, while the citizenry here is unfamiliar with earthquakes, many of the basic disaster-preparedness elements that allow us to cope with hurricanes can also be called into play for any other type of natural disaster."
Abstract An analysis of the concept "Executive Privilege". It discusses the history and origins of the term and proceeds to detail examples of when this concept was instituted and practiced. It analyzes the constitutional basis for this law and provides pros and cons.
From the paper:
"The actual phrase, ?Executive Privilege,? was not a part of the common language until the Eisenhower administration. The first time the term was used occurred in 1954 when Senator Joseph McCarthy was investigating the Eisenhower administration. McCarthy had planned to subpoena Eisenhower's chief of staff, but Eisenhower told his advisers that Congress had no right to ask White House personnel to testify in any manner concerning conversations with the President "at any time on any subject."
The author examines the economy in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, analyzing the impact on consumer confidence, the stock market and government spending.
4,000 words (approx. 16 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 108.95
Abstract This paper examines the effects of terrorism on the economy. It explains that there are three reasons that make this task difficult: Several different sectors of the economy must be looked at, different economic models weigh different elements of society differently and economists have different views on what should be done to alleviate the problem.
From the paper:
"This paper looks at the effects of the terrorist attacks on some of the world's stock markets, which plunged in the first weeks after markets were reopened but have since regained most of their pre-Sept. 11 value. The lower levels of these stock markets are felt by some to reflect the lingering effects of the attacks; it is also possible that the lowered values of stock reflected on exchanges throughout the world are simply reflections of the current still-mild but prolonged recession. It is, of course, probably both: The terrorist attacks pushed teetering world economies down the slope of recession as they damaged consumer confidence sufficiently to cause a contraction in spending that has already been occurring due primarily) to rising unemployment."
Abstract This paper examines the history of campaign finance and campaign finance reform for elected officials in the U.S. It discusses the main issues in the debate including corruption, disorganization, and mass media influence. it outlines the McCain-Fiengold Bill as well as the debate between Bush and McCain during the primaries of the 2001 Presidental Election campaign.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Campaign Finance Reform
3. Issues
4. McCain-Feingold Bill
5. McCain / Bush
6. Conclusion
From the paper:
"From the first democratic election, politicians, journalists, and the public have decried the high cost of campaigns. It cannot be disputed that political campaigns rely on money from filing until the election and well beyond. From the beginning of the democratic election process, politicians, journalists, and the public have individually and collectively viewed with horror the ever-increasing cost of campaigns. Each election cycle sets a new record for spending. The critics cite the cost of presenting a candidate or issue but fail to take into consideration the increasing number of voters, distribution of constituencies, competition to spend, cost of new technologies, and inflationary pressures."
Abstract This paper discusses school vouchers and a national voucher program. The author looks specifically at the three best known school voucher or school choice programs: the Boulder Plan, the Milwaukee Plan, and the Cleveland Plan. The paper examines whether school choice programs been a successful public policy, and concludes that these programs are either: a) failing b) not yielding enough information to make a conclusion or c) just plain unconstitutional.
From the Paper "It is clear that school choice and school vouchers have many problems, but these programs are beginning to show promise. The idea of national school choice or school voucher seems to be a disaster waiting to happen, because of the complexities and needs of these programs. The local levels are the places that can adequately implement such a program. The programs of race, privilege gap, transportation, school closures, separation of church and state, and funding need to be address. The research and data has made all of this clear, but has not made many feasible recommendation to began to amend these issues. Most researchers are saying that school choice and school vouchers needs to be forgotten as a failed policy idea, but this is the easy answer to a complex question. How do we adequately education and create opportunities for all of our students? Former Representative Fox is on the right track in looking for ways to amend these programs. Freedom of choice and competition are building blocks of our society. To turn on these beliefs is to serve a grave injustice to our way of life."
Abstract This paper explores the past, present, and future role of voluntarism in America, as well as answer the questions of who volunteers and why.
From the Paper "The subject of voluntarism in America has been a favorite of social scientists for almost as long as there has been an America. In the 1830's, following an extended visit to the newly formed country, Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville remarked: Americans of all ages, all conditions, and all dispositions constantly form associations. They have not only commercial and manufacturing companies, in which all take part, but associations of a thousand other kinds, religious, moral, serious, futile, general or restricted, enormous or diminutive. The Americans make associations to give entertainments, to found seminaries, to build inns, to construct churches, to diffuse books, to send missionaries to the antipodes; in this manner they found hospitals, prisons, and schools. If it is proposed to inculcate some truth or to foster some feeling by the encouragement of a great example, they form a society. Wherever at the head of some great undertaking you see the government in France, or man of rank in England, in the United States you will be sure to find an association (Hawks, 4).
Echoing Tocqueville's sentiments, James Bryce of Britain said in 1890:
Associations are created, extended, and worked in the United States more… effectively than in any other country (Skocpol, Ganz, & Munson, 528).
"Even today, voluntarism in America continues to be a major topic of study for sociologists. The body of research literature covers a variety of broad topics. Some researchers have chosen to focus on the macro-level, creating comparative studies of voluntarism worldwide. Other studies attempt to assess the impact of voluntarism at the local and national levels, focusing on the impact of voluntarism on community, democracy, and economics. Some research focuses on defining and analyzing the volunteers themselves: what defines the "prototypical volunteer", which spiritual and socioeconomic factors influence them, which personality traits are common to volunteers, and how voluntary services impacts their lives. These are all topics of major importance as the voluntary organizations' role in the community evolves over time. Originally created to meet the social needs that the government was not organized to provide, volunteer organizations today occupy the supporting role to the government's administration of welfare. Like most things, however, the pendulum is swinging back again. As more and more Americans decry "Big Government", "Big Government" is responding with such platitudes as "a thousand points of light" to encourage Americans to get back into the business of caring for one another. A call to voluntarism sounds like a good thing on the surface, but it raises more questions than answers for sociologists. This report will attempt to explore the past, present, and future role of voluntarism in America, as well as answer the questions of who volunteers and why."
Tags: alexander, de, sociology, tocqueville, voluntarism, America, volunteer, sociologists, charitable
Abstract This paper provides the history of the Prohibition and examines the reasons for its failure. Includes descriptions of both the "wets" and the "drys", and also looks into various ways in which people cheated the government during this period in history.
From the Paper "Throughout American history, alcohol has been associated with corruption, immorality, and disrespect for God. People have preached about the evils of drink since Puritan times, eventually igniting the Temperance Movement of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (McWilliams 1). Temperance did not become a political movement, however, until after the Civil War, with the establishment of the ?Women's War,? a group of middle-class wives and mothers who marched around churches and saloons demanding that alcohol be made illegal, and the Anti-Saloon League, or the ASL (Kleist 3). Formed in 1893, the Anti-Saloon League was the first politically focused temperance movement (Harris 73). With an ultimate goal of national prohibition, the ASL supported candidates who encouraged prohibition and moved for states and individual cities to vote themselves dry before the entire country did (73)."
Tags: alcohol, american, drinking, government, history, prohibition, rum, runners, states, united, us
Abstract This paper discusses the OPEC organization in the 1970s, and its effects, which are examined through a neo-realist framework, and therefore show how the examination of utility-maximizing states both explains and provides meaning to the OPEC issue. OPEC's actions are presented as an example of a counter-hegemonic movement, which, rather than undermining the hegemonic control of the West, was unsuccessful and resulted in OPEC's incorporation into the global economic system.
From the Paper "Starting in the 1970s, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cartel managed to achieve an unprecedented level of control over the economies of the developed Western world, extracting billions of dollars of wealth and damaging the macro-economies of these nations."
Abstract A look at the democratic path that the United States has been following and a comparison to that of Brazil. The author highlights some of the major events that Brazil has undergone to make her democratic and examines the leaders involved.
From the Paper "Many Americans watched in dismay a year ago as we felt that our democratic institutions were crumbling as suit wearing Republican thugs rushed public elections officials in Miami and a man who was not selected by the majority of the American electorate became president. But as distressing as this sequence of events was for many of us, we should remember that the course of democracy in the United States has in general actually been much smoother than it has been in other nations. We may look to Brazil to understand how difficult it can be to institute and maintain a democratic government in a country - and one that is actually in some ways very much like our own, although of course very different in other ways."
