Abstract This paper discusses how historic preservation is taken up by smart governments in order to revitalize not only the structures, but also the economy. The state government of Florida and the local government of Tallahassee, Florida, are specified for the study by the author. The paper first identifies the role of government in devising legislation regarding historical preservation. Next, it identifies the reasons why governments should be interested in historic preservation measures. This is followed by an overview of historical preservation efforts in the state of Florida. Later, a case study of Tallahassee, Florida, is mentioned in regard to the preservation efforts keeping legislation that applies to the case study in view.
Outline
Introduction
The Role of Government
Government Interest in Historic Preservation
Historical Preservation in Florida
A Case Study of Tallahassee, Florida
Conclusion
From the Paper "The state government's role in preservation efforts is substantial. The role of government can be established by the investment made by the state into historical preservation. If the state government had not recognized the economic importance of historical preservation, no investment would have been made. This would have translated into no new creation of jobs in the state, and lower quality of life ascribed by less or no reinvestment. Thus, the importance of the role of the state government in historical preservation should not be minimized."
Abstract This paper examines the formulation of the Communications Decency Act and identifies policy windows, policy entrepreneurs, and systematic agenda influences that contributed to the process. The paper examines how the systems, pluralist, rational-comprehensive, and elitist models of public policy formulation can be applied to the policy.
From the Paper "The 1990s saw the development of the Internet, a communications breakthrough that brought government regulation into an uncharted new territory. Suddenly, Congress had to deal with an issue that previously didn't exist: the exposure of children to online pornography. Congress's answer to this problem was The Communications Decency Act, a federal regulatory policy intended to protect children from "indecent" and "patently offensive" material on the Internet."
Abstract A study into the cost of running an effective and strong prison system in the state of Maryland and the effect this has on the overall budget of the state. The paper explains that, while this is important, it often comes at the cost of other budget cuts, including education and health. The paper includes recent statistics from the state budget, detailing the costs involved in incarcerating prisoners. The writer also concedes that, while it is expensive, the cost of crime is also high, and there has to be some kind of solution.
Contents
Introduction: Statement of the Problem
Methodology: Examining the Scope of the Problem
Increasingly Crowded Prisons
Alternatives to Incarceration
Reform Inside the Big House
Conclusion
From the Paper "The treatment of prisoners causes few legal problems for the government of a dictatorship. A government that refuses to acknowledge the human rights of even its law-abiding citizens is not likely to show too many qualms about shoving its criminals into overcrowded and unsafe prisons ? or even to worry about whether the niceties of due process were considered in getting the person to prison to begin with. But the rule of constitutional law changes all that. Because we live in a country in which the rule of law is for the most part respected, the police, the court and prison officials ? and the rest of us as well ? must recognize prisoners are people who have broken the social contract. But still people like the rest of us."
Abstract The paper presents information about a sophisticated system for managing transportation, using advanced telemetric equipment inside vehicles, advanced navigational units, and on-board computers, which allow a low-cost transition of information, such as speed, oil temperature, fuel levels, and location. The author points out that the government has taken many steps to improve the situation in the transportation industry because there is a great dependence by the Americans on the safety, efficiency, and security of their transportation systems involving roads, rails, boats, and aerial methods. The paper states that the government is looking at its collaborations with the private transportation providers and the consultants to promote and conduct research at all levels.
From the Paper "One of the techniques now being regularly talked about and used in the transportation industry is called GIS. This is useful for three separate needs of the industry ? infrastructure management, logistics and fleet management and mass transit management. The utility is for route planning and analysis, vehicle dispatch and emergency response, automatic vehicle location and tracking, transit scheduling and routing, rail system management, accident reporting and analysis, demographic analysis and route restructuring, transportation planning and modeling. The technique increases profitability in the industry through improved fleet management and logistics, infrastructure, mass transit and in the railways. In the case of fleet management, it is becoming more difficult as the organizations are now restructuring their distribution channels and removing the earlier inefficient practices. The transporter now has to adapt to the capabilities of just in time management and increase capacities so that the excess inventories can be stored. This has built up a requirement of better decision making in terms of accuracy and speed. It is more important than ever to know the location of the vehicles, their pick up schedules and delivery schedules at all times. This helps in the better usage of the available assets and a resultant savings in terms of costs. This is where GIS helps the transportation managers, but this does not essentially help in the management of his assets itself. One can say it helps him to utilize his assets more effectively."
Abstract This paper explains that, although the original bureau is 200 years old, in 2003, the ATF was transferred from the Treasury Department to the Justice Department; its name was somewhat changed, with the word "explosives" being added to make clear one of its major, long-standing fields of expertise. The author points out that the ATF forerunner agency performed a key role in the national movement to abolish the commercial sale of beer, wine, and whiskey under the 18th Amendment of the Constitution, which was approved in 1919. The paper stresses that the backbone of the ATF is the examiners who inspect records of firearms dealers, explosives businesses, and alcohol beverage producers;they substantiate inventories and work to make sure of product veracity.
From the Paper "The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) has over the years been allocated a series of tasks that were not always clearly related, as suggested by its name, and different from the Internal Revenue Service and the Drug Enforcement Agency. This historic setback may have relieved to a substantial level when most of the ATF was moved form the Treasury Department to the Justice Department on January 24, 2003. The ATF was for many years a basic source of federal income, while the comparative significance of this role going after alcohol and tobacco excise taxes weakened with America's espousal of the income tax. Recently, even the law enforcement part of this relatively small agency had endeavored to cover a great deal of ground. In the arousal of grave bombing events, expert ATF programs were established to give specialist help."
Abstract This paper explains that young people are paying more into the Social Security
system than they will probably receive as retirees. The author believes that, even though it is reported that the Social Security system is secure for the next thirty-five years, this may nothing more than "hogwash". The author supposes that progressive benefits can more than offset the difference in longevity, so that the claim of some conservatives that young people earn a negative return on their Social Security taxes is wrong.
From the Paper "Conservatives have continued to criticize Social Security since its enactment in 1935, it, but its popularity has saved it from multi-front attacks. There since have been many attempts to reduce reinforcement among Social Security's varied constituencies, including youth and minorities. Still others have tried to generate support for changes that will actually weaken the system but claim to strengthen it. One of these methods is the constant move toward privatizing the entire Social Security system. In essence, what many conservatives since the 1970?s, and now Mr. Bush, have tried to do, is to take all of the Social Security funds and put it into the stock market. This program could be disastrous for young people because the volatility of the market could deplete the system by the time the average thirty-year-old will collect his/her fair retirement share."
Abstract This paper explains that America's current military spending is exceptionally high and has the country in a downward spiral towards financial disaster. The author points out that the funds are not coming from the wealthy supporters of Bush's administration, but, instead, they are already coming from cuts to much-needed public programs. The paper concludes that the U.S. government should be focusing its attention on peaceful alternatives to military action because the people of the world want peace.
From the Paper "What benefit has come from the redirection of fund from the American working class to our military? Our government claims that we have liberated Iraq and that we are currently providing them with invaluable assistance. Unfortunately, this does not seem to be the case. ?Iraq has been reduced to a state of intolerable chaos.? Electricity is only available to some areas for a couple of hours each day, which is far less than was available before the war, which is affecting the ability of hospitals to treat the ill. There is also a lack of clean and safe drinking water, which combined with lack of refrigeration and air conditioning as well as limited vital supplies is leading to soaring death rates. Iraq remains largely unemployed.
Abstract This paper argues that highway safety speed limit should be raised to 80 mph on the basis of safety issues alone, including the 85% rule, speed variance as a danger facto,r and the inability of police officers under the artificially low limits to deal with dangerously slow drivers. Additionally, it notes that the low speed limit "criminalizes" good citizens needlessly
From the Paper "There has been much debate in recent years over two highway safety issues, drunk driving and aggressive driving. While both of those certainly result in fatalities, there is another highway safety issue that seems to need dusting off; posted highway speed limits. In 1995, the National Maximum Speed Limit (NMSL) was repealed, meaning states were at liberty to set maximum highway speeds above the 55 mph limit that had been imposed, largely as a result of the 1970s gas crisis. Proponents of raising the limit cite real science to support their claim. Opponents of raising it argue that then people would still drive even faster. Unfortunately, the facts to not support the contentions of the opponents of raising the speed limit to 80 mph. It is clear, from the evidence, that the speed limit in many states, including California, should be raised to 80 mph, if for safety reasons alone."
Abstract According to "Newsweek", policing is one of the top ten stressful occupations in the United States. This paper goes into the manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder, including its history. It includes statistical information concerning how police officers deal with stress and the advantages of a department having a Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) program.
From the Paper "In addition to flashbacks, PTSD manifests itself psychologically in many ways. Often the disorder will plague sufferers with sleep problems, including nightmares, and difficulty sleeping. Also, sufferers may experience an instability in emotions, which is seen when a person with PTSD is emotionally numb one moment, and has an outburst in the next. Further, depression and guilt feelings are very common where people believe they should have, or could have prevented the disaster (Sapolsky)."
Abstract This paper identifies three different types of U.S. prisons and looks at several attributes of each. The three prisons that are looked at are private (Corrections Corporation of America, or CCA), state (State of Illinois), and federal. A comparison is made of each of the prisons, and some of the programs and ideologies are also discussed with some personal input from the author.
Outline
Background
History
Private
State
Federal
Organizations
Private
CCA Mission Statement
Background
Recidivism Rate
Programs
Religious Programs
State of Illinois
Background
Mission Statement
Recidivism Rate
Prisoner Population
Facilities Types
Programs
Work Program
PAWS
Day Camps
Release Preparation
Mental Health
Substance Abuse
Education
Federal
Background
Mission Statement
Growth of the Federal Inmate Population
Prisoner Distribution
Programs
Classification and Unit Management
Institution Designation and Orientation
Work Programs
Education, Vocational Training and Job Training
Substance Abuse Treatment
Mental Health Treatment and Counseling
Religious Programs
References
From the Paper "The majority of CCA's institutions have earned the merit of being accredited by the American Correctional Association (ACA). Accreditation by the ACA requires adherence to nearly 500 standards in facility design and operation. The remaining facilities are preparing for the accreditation process. Few public agencies can equal this record. One major standard that has raised some concern is the amount of training that a private officer receives. CCA adheres to the requirements set by the ACA. Each officer initially will receive one hundred and sixty hours of training and then continue with an additional forty hours of training each year. At county level, most corrections officers have two hundred hours of training initially, but then are not required to attend additional training other than a weapons qualification once each year."
Abstract This paper discusses how, despite the guarantees set forth under the amendments to the United States Constitution and other federal legislation, the civil rights of citizens belonging to "minority" groups in the United States continue to be violated by various forms of illegal discrimination. It looks at how an historical analysis of national social and economic problems in relationship to racial inequality proves racial discrimination continues to thrive in American society in various forms of institutional discrimination. Through an analysis of tables and charts, it shows how statistical data herein asserts different forms of racial discrimination in contemporary society.
From the Paper "The data in Chart 7 indicates Whites have the lowest number of children with no annual health care visits within a year. About 15% of all Black and Asian children did not have annual health care visits and approximately 20% of Hispanic and Native American children did not have health care visits over the past year. The fact that these children did not have health care visits is not an inference of good health. Rather, the lack of health care among minority children is an inference that they are not receiving preventative care such as vaccinations, and childhood illnesses and injuries are going untreated. The long-term consequence for children who do not receive needed health care services is permanent handicaps or disabilities, which later keeps them trapped in poverty by preventing them from working."
Tags: care, health, sociology, blacks, whites, hispanics
Abstract This paper first outlines the various problems associated with different aspects of suburban sprawl, including businesses and consumerism, residential expansion, government policy, satellite cities, and privatization. Next, the paper outlines ten general concepts of smart growth that can be applied by policy makers in an effort to stop the negative effects of sprawl.
Table of Contents
Introduction to Sprawl
Business, Consumers and Sprawl
Residential Expansion and the Rise of Sprawl
Governing the Suburbs
Satellite Cities
Privatization
Smart Growth and Solutions for Sprawl
From the Paper "Farmlands are another frontier of urban and suburban encroachment. Subsequently they are forming the frontlines of the fight against sprawling suburban developments. This is especially true in western state where sprawling suburban areas are competing with farmers and agriculturalists for precious resources such as water and even the very land they use. By preserving lands previously used for farming and helping to sustain those still in use through economically hard times, sprawl can be limited and in some cases even stopped in its tracks. By supporting farmers and agricultural groups through funds, land productivity, and extension services, anti sprawl activists and advocates can take an active role in its prevention. (U.S. Dept. of Ag. 1997.)"
Abstract As the Army is trying to regard soldiers as customers instead of the old generation's view, it is also trying to give better service to these customers. This paper looks at how the United States Army Recruiting Command's recent web-based approach and the implementation of the Army Recruiting Information Support System is a part of this effort. It explains that not only has boosted recruitment, but also made the process more efficient. Since the successful implementation or ARISS, the Marine Corp, Air Force, and Navy have all followed suit respectively. It shows how ARISS allows recruiting personnel to bring their work with them in their mobile recruitment effort and also has allowed the number of personnel needed in the process of enlistment to be lowered.
From the Paper "Standard Army Military Systems (STAMIS) is the "Army's primary organization for developing and managing IT systems"? (Greenemeier, 2001, September 28). STAMIS mission is to "provide effective, multi-functional, leading edge, global information solutions to guarantee information dominance across the operational spectrum" (Defense Daily Network, 2001). One information system that STAMIS is responsible for is the Army Recruiting Information Support System (ARISS) (Defense Daily Network, 2001). In trying to save money and provide more efficient service, the government introduced programs like the ARISS system which are designed to operate more like a business than a governmental bureaucracy. ARISS gives the Army recruiters an automated system that allows them to sell, recruit and process the required documentation more efficiently with less error. The previous process was basically manual and required the recruiter to make contact with the prospective recruit, find out their interests and then make an appointment with the recruit to come into the Recruiting Station for further assessment and processing. (T.D. Briggs, personal communication, November 11, 2003). With the integration of ARISS, the recruiter can make an appointment with the prospective recruit wherever and whenever it's convenient including home, school and work environments (T.D. Briggs, personal communication, November 11, 2003)."
Abstract This paper explains that employee training to learn the way to implement and utilize improved communication services will result in improved patient care. The author points out that training should allow employees to feel at ease with computer systems and to use the telephone, especially wireless equipment, as a part of a human information system. The paper stresses that emergency or crisis communication should be addressed in order to prepare for all situations that might occur within a hospital setting.
From the Paper "Each crisis is categorized by criteria such as employee participation, scope of location and estimated length of crisis, probable effect on operations, public involvement and concern, how often the crisis might occur, and if law enforcement or other emergency teams may need to be involved. The chart even details how to communicate effectively with any possible media. The overall objective of the information is to help hospital staff quickly identify the severity of a crisis and its potential effect on the hospital, so that they may react in a more organized and effective method, which will better prepare each person to respond more effectively to the crisis situation. Members from all levels of the healthcare organization should have an active role in planning the changes within communication."
This paper is a research proposal to examine Medicare reform and determine whether it will actually end up costing taxpayers more money than the previous system did.
Abstract This paper relates that, with the proposed reforms of the Medicare system, most people will not be able to use it because it would actually cost them more to do so than it would to simply not have insurance at all. The author feels that one of the biggest problems is that seniors who have Medicare do not have any coverage for prescription drugs, and because of this, they have to pay a large amount of money out of pocket., The paper stresses that the study, designed to be more of a subjective rather than an objective study, is based on the review of the available literature and the opinions and beliefs of those that make up this literature group because it does not appear that statistical research would be helpful.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Overview of the Study
Significance of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Scope of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Description of Sources Used
Positive Aspects
Negative Aspects
Literature Review
Methodology
Research Design and Approach
Procedures Used and Data Analysis
Research Considerations and Limitations
Validity and Uniqueness of the Data
Summary
From the Paper "The sources used for this particular literature review did not come from the expected peer reviewed journals and magazines. This is largely because the Medicare reforms have not officially been enacted, and therefore studies into how they are impacting individuals who use the Medicare system have not been conducted. Because of this, there are few sources that can actually be found that deal with the Medicare reforms and how they are going to affect the elderly. At least, this is true of professional journals and official sources."
