From the Paper
"ABSTRACT
This research examined the potential effects that the privatization of the City of Chicago Fire Department might be expected to have on the adequacy of performance and service levels of the department. While the City of Chicago has privatized the delivery of many city services, fire safety is not one of the functions privatized in Chicago.

The traditional focus of municipal government was on the twin activities of resource availability and resource application. Today, however, the focus is on the outcome of the application of funds, as opposed to the magnitude of the funds applied. Municipal government departments are being held accountable to measurable performance and service objectives.

A conclusion was drawn that, while the privatization of some services that are primaty.."

From the Paper
"The Local Disaster Plan
This research discusses the salient aspects of the preparation, maintenance, and projected operation of community disaster plans. "Generic, all-hazards approaches to emergency management" are often undertaken by communities faced with limited resources and multiple hazards, but disaster experts agree that the best plans are tailored to the specific types of emergencies that are most likely to occur in a particular location (Waugh & Hy, 1990, p. 293). The following discussion assumes that communities will either be developing such specialized plans or will develop general plans with multiple facets that can be initiated as needed in putting the general plan into action.
Everywhere in the United States, from the hurricane-wracked East coast, to the.."

From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
An issue raised more and more in cities across the country is whether or not there should be a requirement for members of the police department to reside in the communities they serve. Indeed, this argument extends beyond the police and often centers on a debate over whether there should be a residency requirement for police, foremen, and city officials. A number of arguments are advanced as to why such rules should be adopted, beginning with giving the police a stake in the community, encouraging greater understanding on the part of each officer of the people he serves, and creating greater accountability. Arguments against include the idea that it really does not matter where the officer resides but how he or she is trained and the belief that sometimes the officer and his or her family may be safer in a.."

From the Paper
"Introduction
Governments provide goods and services, and can produce goods and services, as well. Such goods and services are generally in support of broader public policies which are put in place by the federal government, or state or local governments. In theory, the formation of public policy occurs prior to the introduction of any other programs that may be developed, but it has only been since the 1970s that serious and scholarly study has been directed toward the formation of public policy. Generally, public policy is concerned with the application of formal methods and programs that may be put in place in the public sector, and the ways in which policies are shaped and implemented has political overtones as well as ramifications for public managers. This research explores the area of public policy, including its ..."

From the Paper
"The federal role in education--or whether there should be a federal role at all--has long been a source of debate. Education is not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution and so is not set forth as a federal responsibility, and in general, education has been considered a state and local matter. However, there has been a federal role in education in terms of providing funding for some time, and in this century that role has expanded from one type of education to another and to higher and higher levels of funding. When the federal government provides funding, it is not money without strings, and requirements are imposed as a condition of accepting the funds. This is true whether the funds are provided directly to the state, to the schools, or to the students in the form of tuition. The idea of federal funding has now become embroiled in the issue of privatization and school vouchers, and ..."

Abstract
"The status of women in the Arab world has remained virtually unchanged for the past century. Whereas Western women benefitted from a liberation movement in the twentieth century that elevated their status in the home and society, the Arabic culture continues to encourage the oppression of women.

From the Paper
"Introduction
"The status of women in the Arab world has remained virtually unchanged for the past century. Whereas Western women benefitted from a liberation movement in the twentieth century that elevated their status in the home and society, the Arabic culture continues to encourage the oppression of women.
The law enforcement community is still very aware of its need to engage in public relations. However, in almost all ..."

Abstract
In 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave a speech called "Atoms for Peace" before the United Nations General Assembly. The events leading up to the speech included the testing of an atomic bomb in England and the United States testing of a hydrogen bomb, both events in 1952.

From the Paper
"HISTORY AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

Early History
In 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave a speech called "Atoms for Peace" before the United Nations General Assembly. The events leading up to the speech included the testing of an atomic bomb in England and the United States testing of a hydrogen bomb, both events in 1952. President Eisenhower's speech called for "the governments principally involved" (naming the USA and Soviet Union) to make joint contributions from their stockpiles of normal uranium and fissionable materials to an international atomic energy agency set up under the UN. Part of that speech is included here ..."

Abstract
Health care is a concern for many Americans as the baby boomers age and there is increased demand for medical services. The government regulates much of the health care industry through agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration, and government subsidies (including Medicare) are an integral part of the health care delivery system in the United States.

From the Paper
"Introduction
Health care is a concern for many Americans as the baby boomers age and there is increased demand for medical services. The government regulates much of the health care industry through agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration, and government subsidies (including Medicare) are an integral part of the health care delivery system in the United States. This research considers the economic effect of government intervention in the health care industry and ways in which policy decisions may affect Americans in the future.


Analysis
Medicare is a government health insurance program administered by the federal government which primarily serves elderly recipients of Social Security. The government has chosen to outsource the..."

Abstract
"The Federal Reserve is one of the two most important central banks in the world, along with the Bank of Japan. As a central bank, it is charged with steering the monetary policies of the U.S. economy.

From the Paper
"The Federal Reserve is one of the two most important central banks in the world, along with the Bank of Japan. As a central bank, it is charged with steering the monetary policies of the U.S. economy. There is considerable disagreement about the effectiveness of the Federal Reserve in pursuing this mission, and there are also different theories offered as to how a central bank can be structured best to be effective.


The Federal Reserve System was formed by an act of Congress in 1913 and was to function as a central bank for the government and the people of the United States. In these functions, the Federal Reserve remains one of the most powerful institutions in American society, influencing the growth of the money supply, affecting interest rates, and playing a large roll in the pace and direction of spending by every citizen and every business..."

From the Paper
"Scientific Management: Review and Assessment For Applicability to the Public Sector
Introduction
The purpose of this research is, first, to analyze and discuss scientific management, and second, to consider the applicability of scientific management to the public sector. The findings of this research are presented in the following discussions: (1) evolution of scientific management; (2) criticisms and faults of scientific management; and (3)applying scientific management in the public sector.
Scientific management was a system designed primarily for use in manufacturing management. Scientific management was intended to "increase the output of the average worker and to improve the efficiency of management" (Sisk 24). These same..."

Abstract
This paper states that affirmative action was never intended to give prospective students a significant advantage based solely on racial origin. The author feels that affirmative action has had a negative effect on both minority and non-minority students and should be discontinued. The paper recommends that educational inequalities should be rectified before students get to college.

From the Paper
"However, some California university officials have responded by seeking ways to get around Proposition 209. They now use an admission policy called ?comprehensive review.? (Williams, 2002) Under this new admissions policy, the personal circumstances of all students are considered, ostensibly without regard to race. If a student has faced significant hardship in his or her life, the student is given extra consideration for admission."

Tags: advantage, racial, origin, colleges, amendments, civil, rights, california, admissions, sat

Abstract
This paper discusses AARP's role in addressing the needs of older Americans and their work to influence the passage of beneficial legislation on the State and Federal level. The paper examines AARP's major issues such as prescription drugs, long-term care and predator lending and the methods AARP?S use to influence lawmakers. The author is critical of AARP's effectiveness and presents suggestions for improvement.

From the Paper
"American Association of Retired People was founded in 1958 by Ethel Percy and was originally called the National Retired Teachers Association (NRTA). The purpose of this organization was to purchase group health insurance for retired school teachers. The AARP grew out of the NRTA with the goal of becoming a broader advocacy group. During their first two years 300,000 new members joined this new organization. Today, the AARP has over 35 million members in all 50 states. They now offer insurance packages and discounts from companies who use AARP as a means to market their product. In an effort to attract Baby Boomers as members they changed their name in 1999 to simply AARP and also lowered the age for membership from 55 to 50. The purpose of this was to encourage Baby Boomers to join, by redesigning themselves to accommodate the needs of this fast growing population over the age of 50."

Tags: legislation, prescription, drugs, long-term, care, predator, lending, marketing, effectiveness, improvement

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the use of managed care in modern health care. Specifically, it includes a brief history of managed care, and positive and negative effects of the process are outlined. The paper provides an understanding of the differences between traditional health care and managed health care.

From the Paper
"Managed care is not a new phenomenon in health care. In fact, it has existed in the United States since the 1920s. "Historians cite the 1930s as the beginning of managed care as we know it today. The launch of the Kaiser Health Plan during World War II resulted in the first clinic-based system of managed care" (Editors). Edgar Kaiser, the founder of the Kaiser Health Plan (still one of the largest and most successful managed care plans), created an American phenomenon. Managed care is strictly an American invention, and still proves most popular in the United States."

Tags: medical, aid, hmo, clinics, patients, doctors, specialists, prescriptions, nurses

Abstract
This paper examines how animal testing is still alive and well in many parts of the United States. It discusses which animals are tested on more frequently and in what forms. The paper comes up with concrete suggestions for better implementation of the Animal Welfare Act which could stop much of the testing.

From the Paper
"Cosmetics are not required to be tested on animals and since non-animal alternatives exist, it's hard to understand why some companies still continue to conduct these tests. Cosmetic companies kill millions of animals every year to try to make a profit. According to the companies that perform these tests, they are done to establish the safety of a product and the ingredients. However, the Food and Drug Administration which regulates cosmetic products, does not require animal testing (Peta)."

Tags: act, welfare, suffer, legislation, law, cosmetic, research

From the Paper
"It has been noted that affirmative action was instituted as
a result of past racism which restricted the rights of blacks and denied them equal opportunity. However, quotas and preferential hiring of blacks, other minorities, and women drew much criticism. ... , referred to affirmative action as affirmative discrimination. ... affirmative action benefited white, middle-class women far more than lower-class blacks. ... most urban problems are great exaggerations of minor problems, are often nonexistent problems, or are problems for which no solutions are desired or feasible. ... noted that most solutions to urban problems serve to exacerbate, not resolve, such ... "