Abstract The paper explains the concept of E-Government as a strategy used by governments in and around developing countries to use new technologies to provide people with more convenient access to government information and services. These are for the improvement of the quality of services and to provide greater opportunities to participate in the democratic institutions and processes.
The paper provides an in-depth, critical appraisal of the opportunities and threats ushered in by the new concept and practice of E-Government as transferred to developing countries. Ways in which developing countries may cope with the phenomenon of E-government as well as advances in information technology and governance, are discussed. In addition, it also examines the strategies and tools that policymakers use to preserve the benefits as well as to avoid or lessen the costs involved.
From the Paper "The issue of Electronic Government (E. Government) , with particular regards to the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation and use, has been the subject of considerable debate and numerous studies in both the developed and the developing worlds. This paper seeks to explore the capacity of the developing world to fully utilize the opportunities E-government presents. However, to obtain maximum effect it is also necessary to determine what negative impacts might be and how best to approach them. In the discussion, an attempt will be made to explain why many of these negatives may not be totally eliminated as some are intrinsically intertwined with the benefits to be gained, while others derive from social conditions such as cultural differences, lack of resources, training and education. Consequently, development managers and policy makers in the developing world have come under severe pressure as it is their duty to find ways to sustain the opportunities presented by E-government while at the same time reducing the harmful effects. The paper postulates that this can only be achieved through technical changes such as trained personnel, increased availability of technology and conditional changes such as rules and regulations, social capital, capacity building etc."
Abstract The paper deals with globalization and the problems it creates for the development of political values and goals in the nation-state. The paper looks in particular at the case of Jamaica which is trying to find a middle path between developing a global character and maintaining some form of national distinction.
From the Paper "The interconnectedness of the world since the early 1990s has been described principally as globalization. The move to what has been called the "global village" has emphasized borderless activity, opening up of markets, sharing of technology, human capital, skills and experience, as well ideas of political development and culture. This is not to say the idea of globalization is new, as from the beginnings of the industrial revolution in the mid 1900s, in European countries and elsewhere, trends and traces of what has now been so termed, popularly, has always been existent, but not until the late 20th century made distinct and given widespread attention."
Abstract This paper analyzes critically and thoroughly the capacity building approach with widespread application, evaluation and assessment of case-studies and examples from the Third world or developing world. Countries in parts of Latin America, Africa, the Anglophone Caribbean and South East Asia are given special attention in terms of those situations in which capacity has or has not been built, alongside useful recommendations for capacity building gaps.
From the Paper "As a comprehensive, yet broad-ranging approach to problem-solving in public policy, capacity building in itself embraces certain norms, values, attitudes, procedures, principles, practices and strategies that together promote the idea of good governance. Administrative capacity in particular, being separated within the whole process of good governance ? which implies both democracy and development as fundamental pillars, is at the very least trite not to mention unrealistic given the turbulence of modernity within the context of globalization which implies further the need for multidimensional approaches for the achievement of such good governance. Indeed, it is the case that administrative capacity that requires technical, technological, financial, management, incentivized and strategic administrative coordination and training within administration itself, should exist alongside other frameworks of social capital, inter-organizational relationships, assessments of task environments, as well as lesson drawing techniques, among other things, for the promotion of good governance. Some such techniques, practices and strategies of capacity building itself within the Caribbean and other developing countries have been proven limited in many respects thereby stultifying the realization of good governance principles and practices. As evidence will later show, the political, social, economic, cultural, technological, demographic and geo-political aspects of the "task environment" in the developing world have illuminated differences in the levels of development in such countries, even though the limitations of effective capacity building for good governance may be more so in some such countries, as in parts of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, as opposed to fewer limitations in others for Example in Southeast Asia. Special reference to Barbados's successes in Capacity building will also be entertained briefly. The central thesis here, is therefore, that capacity building needs to be promoted within the Caribbean as in other areas of the developing world, not only on a national but local, regional and even global basis, if good governance is to be achieved more effectively."
From the Paper "Community policing is a philosophy based on the recognition that nothing can outperform dedicated people working together to make their communities better and safer places in which to live and work and raise children. Community Policing gathered momentum in the early 1980s, when a group of progressive police executives and visionary academics began working together out of concern that the prevailing system was failing (Bucqueroux, 1).
The system at the time, what we now call traditional policing, was based on the reform model of "modern" or "professional" policing launched in the 1930s, an approach that stressed the efficiency of rapid response as the primary means of addressing serious crime. At the time, the logic seemed irrefutable..."
Discusses from managerial perspective the effectiveness of combining EMS with the operations of a municipality's fire department emergency medican technicians (EMTs). Strategies, medical services, costs.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 15 sources, 2001, $ 71.95
From the Paper "People's lives often depend upon the quick reaction and competent care of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics, who represent for many the "front line" of caregivers in the American public health system (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2000. EMTs provide prehospital services, including emergency care and transportation for the injured and the ill (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2000). The purpose of this brief report is to examine, from a managerial perspective, the efficacy and efficiency of combining emergency medical services (EMS) with the operations of a city's or township's fire department. A general overview of the roles of EMTs and of EMS will be provided as a framework for this discussion.
EMS generally consist of an assortment of trauma, accident, rescue and medical care and services that are provided by EMTs who..."
Discusses variety of programs to help ex-offenders & prevent prison return, especially among young people. Academic, vocational, drug, religious, social & life skills programs.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 15 sources, 2001, $ 71.95
From the Paper "One of the major problems in knowing how to deal with criminals is the high recidivism rate. According to current figures, 62 percent of state prisoners will be re-arrested for a crime within three years of their release, and of these, 41 percent will return to prison (Pierce, 2000). Recidivism rates are highest in the first year after release, and are highest among young offenders: three out of four inmates under the age of 17 are re-arrested, and half will go back to prison (Sudo, 1989). Obviously there is something wrong with the way the justice system is punishing criminals for their crimes: it does not reform them, or deter them from committing further crimes once they are released from prison.
Getting tough on criminals with longer sentences does not seem to be working. The resultant overcrowding means more money is .."
From the Paper "As the 21st Century begins, it is instructive for the student of the art (or science) of Public Administration to reflect on some of the major theories and underpinnings of the endeavor that have influenced today's philosophies of PA. During the 20th Century, the growing influence of sociology was paralleled by the emergence of modern, gigantic cities. In this research analysis, four seminal works of PA will be discussed. Those four, and the order of their presentation, are:
* The Bureaucratic Experience: A Critique of Life in Modern Organization (Ralph P. Hummel)
* The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda (Amitai Etzioni)."
Discusses weaknesses of health care system; employer-based insurance; move to managed care; the uninsured; children's health care incl. Section on California. Suggested reforms.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 7 sources, 2001, $ 135.95
From the Paper " The U.S. health care system is capable of delivering the highest quality health care in the world. Nevertheless, wide variations in the performance of health delivery systems persist. The challenge for public policy makers is finding ways to improve accountability for health care quality and the outcome of treatment without stifling innovation or imposing burdensome mandates on the health care system.
Prior to the development of clinical protocols, practice guidelines and utilization review and management techniques, our health care system was rife with overuse of health care services. In addition to compromising quality of care, overuse caused health care costs to spiral upwards, reducing coverage significantly; even..."
From the Paper "The urban neighborhoods of America's major cities are deteriorating, trapping city residents in a cycle of poverty as jobs disappear and housing stock decays. In contrast, affluent suburbs are sprawling outward from the central cities, leading to the creation and maintenance of exclusionary enclaves in which predominately white, middle- to upper-middle class (and beyond) professionals are concentrated (State-sponsored growth..., 1127). In order to maintain homogeneity in such residential communities, zoning ordinances have been used which forbid multiple-family housing and require single-family housing to meet high minimum square footage requirements. By enacting..."
From the Paper "Civil rights violations by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) have been much discussed recently because of the scandal at the Rampart Division in which a number of officers are charged with presenting false evidence and framing innocent citizens. The LAPD has behaved badly with respect to the civil rights of citizens numerous times over its history, and there have been many attempts over to correct these abuses. The department received a major black eye because of the Rodney King incident and its aftermath, and the Christopher Commission was convened to make suggestions as to how to change the culture of the police department to make it more responsive to the community. It would appear that whatever changes were made were insufficient, and the Rampart scandal is raising the same issues..."
Abstract This paper attempts to show that e-government overall has a positive effect on democracy and society as a whole. It demonstrates how . the expansion of information technology into government practices provides a much-needed remedy for voter apathy, societal indifference to political concerns and the expensive and time-consuming dissemination and acquisition of information. It also discusses how the cost savings to the government and hence the taxpayers, as a result of this technology can be quite significant.
From the Paper "The birth of e-democracy has been the most widely noted force for the transformation of governance. The term e-democracy is closely associated with efforts at broadening political participation through online debate, for example through the Minnesota E-democracy project. When Minnesota E-democracy began in the 1994 election season as an e-mail discussion list for state politics, it seemed incredible that candidates would answer voter questions online (Ham, et al, 1995). Seven years later, Minnesota E-democracy is a thriving and multi-faceted political forum."
From the Paper "In Spring 1992, four Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers were acquitted of assaulting motorist Rodney King. The beating had been videotaped by a bystander and shown on television news broadcasts not just in Los Angeles, but throughout the nation. The verdict sparked riots in Los Angeles that rivaled those of the 60s, with hundreds of fires breaking out and widespread looting taking place. Emergency services personnel were put in danger as they responded to calls, and the long-term effects of the riots are still being felt in the workplace, in government regulations, and in the community. This research examines the riots themselves and the aftermath that they left in Los Angeles."
From the Paper "Despite decades of social welfare programs, the federal government has largely failed in its War on Poverty. The failure of these programs has created a social deficit in which impoverished individuals are caught up in a dependency cycle on public assistance. Demographic changes, such as the high rate of teenaged pregnancy, have simultaneously contributed to the increase in the poor population in America and created a feminization of poverty.
Federal social welfare programs are designed to aid those individuals whose incomes fall below the poverty line. An estimated 30 million Americans live in poverty (Ford, 1989, p. 1). Federal programs have succeeded in contributing to a decrease in the number of elderly poor. Before President Johnson's War on Poverty in the 1960s, almost 30 percent of the..."
From the Paper " The purpose of this research is to review the book by Nicholas Henry, entitled Public Administration and Public Affairs (1995). This review will analyze the central themes of the work and address its strengths and weaknesses.
Henry begins by explaining the role of public bureaucracy and public administration in democratic society. He notes that bureaucracy and democracy are in fact antithetical. Bureaucracy tends to be hierarchical in nature and elitist. Democracy, on the other hand, tends to be egalitarian in nature. But in order for a democratic society to function properly, the bureaucracy and democracy must be reconciled (p. 1). Bureaucracy represents the technological elite, the body of persons skilled in how to get things done. The democratic mass is charged with determining the direction of public policy, but it is the skilled.."
From the Paper "This research reviews the book by B. Guy Peters, entitled American Public Policy: Promise and Performance (1993). The underlying themes of the work will be discussed and their implications for the policymaking process will be scrutinized.
As Peters notes, government in the United States has grown from a simple "night watchman state" to an immense network of organizations and institutions affecting almost every aspect of daily life (p. 3). Government in the United States is huge and complex. The institutions that play a role in formulating governmental policy are achieved now through an overlapping patchwork of governments, public corporations, private corporations and a multitude of other public and private organizations. Today, more than 83,000 separate governmental agencies exist in the United States. And the policies that these.."
