Abstract This paper examines what has lead to a stable population growth in the United States. It looks at steps and programs taken by the government to ensure this trend continues and also looks at other factors beyond the government's control which could prove problematic in the future - immigration, longevity. The paper addresses the issues of sex education, quality of life and birth control.
From the Paper "The United States has managed to achieve a stable reproductive rate. That is, as of 1999, our fertility rate is 2.0, meaning that for each two adults we are having two children. (Carter, 1999) This has no doubt been accomplished because we have learned about how to apply population control within our families. However, it does not mean the United States will never have any problems with population growth in the future. The fertility rate doesn?t take immigration into consideration or the fact that many people are living many more years than they used to. It makes sense, then, to continue to concern ourselves about population growth."
A discussion on the way in which community policing allows individuals to play an active role in identifying problems in their community and in working together with police officers, with a focus on addressing problems related to Al Qaeda.
Abstract The following paper outlines a community policing strategy or approach, namely the Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving strategy (COPPS) which focuses on partnerships between the community and police officers. The writer examines how community policing promotes mutual trust and cooperation between citizens and police officers, empowering communities in danger of being overwhelmed by crime, drugs, and the poisonous mix of apathy, despair, and unrest. This paper asserts that if the lines of communication are both active and open, citizens and police officers may work together in order to improve the overall quality of life in a community and to reduce the crime rate while fostering mutual respect and trust.The writer also offers recommendations for effectively combating the threats of the Al Qaeda terrorist group.
From the Paper ?Crime is an issue of paramount social importance, one that directly and indirectly affects each and every member of society. The costs associated with crime are not merely financial. Emotional costs result when a criminal murders or severely injures an individual's family member or close friend, or when an offender is incarcerated, depriving his or her family of the emotional and/or financial support. Public concern has increased over specific aspects of the crime problem in recent years, namely domestic violence, drug-related crime and violence, gang-related crime and violence, juvenile crime, prison reform, and the role of television in producing violence.?
This paper is an in-depth overview of the aspects of the HIV / AIDS epidemic, including the profound issues and statistics on the virus in the developing and industrialized world.
Abstract The paper begins with an overview of AIDS epidemic in terms of its derivation and the possible causes of AIDS. It describes AIDS in developing countries and those countries' national government strategy for battling it, the paper continues by investigating AIDS in industrialized countries and comparing these policies to those in developing countries. To better understanding the differences locally and internationally, certain sample countries have been used to illustrate the situation. The paper also explores the global AIDS prevention strategy and evaluates how HIV vaccine developing.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overrview of AIDS
Introduction of AIDS
Global Picture of AIDS
Distribution of AIDS
AIDS in Developing Countries
Sex between Men in the Developing World
Government Strategy on Sex between Men
Education in Asia
Strategy Effectiveness
HIV Vaccine in Developing Countries
Thailand
South America
Africa
The Spread of Injecting and Drug Use in Developing Countries
The Golden Triangle
Drugs in Russia
AIDS in Industrialized Countries
American Syringe Exchange
Strategy Effectiveness
Syringe Exchange in the UK
NHS and Local Health Authorities
Global AIDS Strategy
World Health Organization
Global AIDS Societies
Vaccine Development
Conclusion
Appendix
Reference
From the Paper "AIDS is now found worldwide. While, what is AIDS? Keith Alcorn and Robert Fieldhouse (2000) stated, ?AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is the result of damage to the immune system: the resultant deficiency in its functions allows certain specific opportunistic infections or tumours to flourish.? It is an opportunistic virus, which could take the opportunity to damage human being's immune system and cause death.
"In 1986, there is a hypothesis released in St. Mary's Hospital (1986), that is the disease may have originated in Central Africa and then expand to Caribbean, USA and Europe. While there are more and more scientists argued the origin of AIDS, Keith Alcorn and Robert Fieldhouse (2000) argued that ?AIDS was first identified as a distinct syndrome in 1981 as the consequence of a cluster of cases amongst gay men in large US cities with highly visible and established gay communities.? Peter Aggleton (1994) found that how serious that AIDS expand worldwide, the epidemic has increased over 100-fold since AIDS was identified in 1981, according to the research for the Harvard-based Global AIDS Policy. By 1992 at lease 12.9 million people worldwide were infected with HIV (7.1 million men, 4.7 million women, 1.1 million children)."
Abstract The following paper compares Watergate, a general term used to describe the complex web of political scandals between 1972 and 1974 in the United States to Whitewater, which involved personal and business dealings of the Clintons, their partners and their associates unrelated to the nation's business. The writer focuses on the way in which Nixon and Clinton, respectively, shattered the trust of the people and degraded themselves in the eyes of their nation, in both these scandals.
From the Paper For Nixon, what he did was something that not a single person would have tolerated. Even a common man wants the right of his privacy to be maintained. And so when the president tries to invade the privacy of senior officials, then that will not be tolerated at all. For what Nixon had in his very own mind, turned against him and the joke was on him. He thought of invading someone";s privacy to get an insight to whatever was happening around in the Oval Office. What turned out to be was the fact that people got to know what was going on in the Oval instead of the other way round. Nixon tried to take charge of everything thus betraying the trust of so many workers that were working for him and for the country.On the other hand, Clinton was pictured as a person who betrayed the government and the Local people by underpaying the taxes. The question is not what amount was involved but the question is that where all the people in a country are paying their taxes, then the government should also do the same. The government is not authorized to let go of something like this. In short, no one is excused from such an act. The government and the local public all are inclined to pay their taxes and they cannot be excused no matter what. The very thought that one is the president and the other is a common man does not give an upper hand to the president to not to pay his taxes."
Abstract The paper looks at the subject of affirmative action and shows that while many states are curtailing and even eliminating affirmative action programs at the beginning of this new millennium, the fundamental problems that affirmative action was meant to address - the unequal treatment of people not because of their talents or characters but because of the sex or race - remain. The paper looks at the possible uses of affirmative action programs in a hospital setting. Beginning with an historical overview of the way in which affirmative action programs developed in general for their possible usefulness in a hospital setting cannot be understood independently but must be considered within an historical context. This paper then incorporates interviews from individuals in a number of different hospital-related jobs to help understand the ways in which affirmative action might hurt or help hospital administration.
From the Paper "'When affirmative action emerged in the 1960s, it was part of a larger quest to achieve real equal opportunity and integration throughout American society. But the original purpose of affirmative action changed during the 1970s, from "racial preferences as a temporary bridge to color-blindness" to "racial preferences as a permanent way of life" (Kahlenberg, 1997, p. 11)."
Abstract The following paper examines how people with disabilities in America are not being provided with enough special facilities to prevent any kind of discrimination as a result of their handicap. The writer makes reference to examples in education and employment, where discrimination for disabled people still exists.
From the Paper "It is important to mention here that discrimination exists in almost every field and while it is more prevalent in some areas than others, nonetheless the fact remains that most institutions and fields are plagued by cases of discrimination. The most disturbing thing about ADA is not the loophole that exists in its implementation but the public reaction to the cost of providing facilities to disabled people. It is quite unsettling to see that majority of Americans view ADA and such other legislation as a burden on the taxpayers" money. Honestly speaking, whether we admit it or not, the truth is that public's negative reaction to these laws is posing the greatest hurdle in its effective implementation.?
Abstract This paper argues that environmental issue should be of first priority. The author believes that economics has the power to change people's behavior that few other arguments do.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Life You Save Saves You
Global Warming
Starting Small is Sometimes Better
Is It Really Jobs versus the Environment?
Voting is an Environmental Act
"and so is what you eat for lunch
AIDS is an environmental issue
Can This Planet Be Saved"
From the Paper "Tree-sitting brings up one of the central questions of environmentalism, which is whether we can have both jobs and a clean environment. Timber companies, for example, argue that they be allowed to continue to cut trees because they continue to provide jobs.
The argument that environmental concerns reduce jobs is one of the oldest and most pernicious myths that environmentalists have ever had to face, despite the fact that it has been well documented that environmentally sound projects create jobs."
Abstract This paper examines the problem of the uninsured in the State of Maryland with a critical eye on the total health care delivery system, its components, and how the system might be improved to increase access to care. Includes state agencies, budgets, managed care organizations and providers.
From the Paper "The Secretary of The Department of Health and Hygiene is an appointee of Governor Parris Glendening and maintains oversight of three (3) state agencies that are responsible for planning and implementing the state's public health programs. The agencies: Health Care Financing, Operations, and Public Health Services coordinate resources to provide a delivery system of health care services to citizens throughout the state. The Secretary reports to the governor and makes policy recommendations on issues affecting public health and welfare, health care reform, industry legislation and regulation."
Tags: care, health, hmo, managed, maryland, medicaid, public, uninsured, medication, social
Abstract The paper introduces the concept of Public Administration and the importance it holds in the field of management. The paper defines the breadth and scope of Public Administration and its sub-disciplines. Also discussed are the major concepts of the issue such as analysis of an environment using the SWOT test, the change in policy from strategic planning to strategic management and other facets of this discipline.
From the Paper "Public sector strategic management theory has for this reason stressed the requirement to take political circumstances into consideration. This is carried out by "meta-planning," this is the process of drawing up planning processes that integrate the viewpoints of all the stakeholders. Public managers have to build up interpersonal networks with care, both side and outside their organizations, in order to get the support and contribution of the many stakeholders of an agency. In some recommendations that are made for the strategic management of the public sector, the assessment of the stakeholder takes priority over the analysis of all other features of the organization's environment."
Abstract The development of a secure and accurate voting system for the populace of Orange County is a task of paramount importance. Incorporated in this proposal are recommendations for the construction of such a system. In this proposal the writer addresses both the benefits and potential shortcomings of a computer based system and highlights the technologies used to insure security, privacy, accessibility and accountability. Finally, it addresses several issues relevant to the new voting system including public acceptance and system administration.
From the Paper "Any computer based voting system must balance the benefits of automation and convenience with the security risk inherent in such systems. Computers are compromised daily and various measures must be implemented to insure the integrity of the system. It is well worth noting, that though the traditional "hacker" is a threat, lack of public confidence in the security, privacy, and accuracy of the system, pose far greater a threat than any one individual can. These sentiments are what led Rebecca Mercuri to argue that, ?the benefits of automation are still outweighed by the risks.? This feeling is still prevalent in the general public so our system must take every step necessary to facilitate public trust and to insure the integrity of our results."
Abstract This paper looks at the media along with the control of media forms by historical and despotic governments such as Stalin's regime and Nazi Germany. The paper also discusses how the media can be used to abuse public matters and provides a recommendation of stronger laws to possibly bring some media agencies into line.
From the Paper "Until the governments actually lay out rigid guidelines for media agencies there will always be invasion of privacy issues, libellous acts and breaks in national security, until such time there will be more and more indirect control of the media by governments. However, it must be stressed that these rigid laws must not be all controlling and non sympathetic to the journalists need to report the facts and truth, the law should not deny this for once truth is denied we lose our ability of the freedom of the press completely."
Abstract This paper is an analysis of the planning and implementation of the proposed light rail system for Houston, TX. The paper details why the community feels that there is a need for this system and some of the factors that contributed to the decision to build it, including the feeling that this system would bring the 2012 Olympics to Houston. The paper also points out the area's increasingly being recognized as a world leader in medical treatment and research and the large number of famous personalities that visit the area as a result. Houston's unparalleled growth over the past two decades has also increased the need for this system and made it even more evident in recent years. The paper concludes by summarizing the many positive affects that this rail system could have on the city and the surrounding areas.
From the Paper "The Houston Light Rail System is a beginning of a solution to one of the oldest and unresolved problems in the city of Houston, traffic. Due to the distance of Houston's surrounding annexes, the rail system can offer a cost efficient commuting network. Only the ones, who have driven in the Houston rush hour traffic, can realize the extent of this problem. Multiple traffic jams are a part of every ones life that live and work in Houston. Everyday, those who travel on the Houston freeways during rush hours can look forward to congested traffic without exception, twice a day. On the weekends, Houstonians are still faced with road construction that usually blocks at least four of the lanes on a six-lane highway. Traveling 10 miles and seeing no road construction on any major Houston highway is very rare. In Houston, it is not unusual to see motorist driving on shoulders or mediums, to escape the traffic.Motorists who do this usually are faced with two dilemmas. One is they often find out the shoulder gets traffic jams just like the freeways, and they usually have a fine to pay."
Abstract This paper compares the lax tolerance of the Netherlands on drug policies to the staunch approach taken by the French government. It gives a history of the laws in the two countries and the effect on other European countries.
From the Paper "France's prohibition and punishment of simple drug use has provoked a strong debate for decades. A Directive of the Ministry of Justice in June 1999, asked prosecutors to prioritise treatment approaches for petty offenders, those related to drug use or to other small crimes. Where problematic drug users were concerned, the recommendation of the Directive was to apply therapeutic alternatives to prisons, stating "the imprisonment of drug users, not having committed other related offences, must be the last resort" (France 2002)."
Abstract This paper describes that developing and industrial countries need to have a business plan just as businesses have, in order to develop to its fullest potential. The paper explains that these plans, strategic development plans, are encouraged by the United Nations and the World Trade Organization to create a better economic environment and quality of life for the citizens of the nations using this method.
From the Paper "The key to success for any business is to start with a solid, well-researched business plan. A good plan will serve as a roadmap for the growth of the company with certain milestones laid out, to measure the success of the plan. A successful plan will take an inventory of the resources that a company currently has in its possession and make provisions to obtain those that it predicts that it will need in the future. The plan will ensure that the best use of a company's resources is made in the future. It ensures that the decisions that are made are in the best interest of the company."
Abstract This paper presents a comparison between the United Nations Human Rights Commission and the Inter-American Commission. The writer provides an overview of each of the commissions and discusses the duties they are each charged with performing. The paper compares the two to each other and leads a discussion about their similarities and their differences. This paper describes the benefits of globalization in efforts for equal treatment for all citizens of the world.
From the Paper "The process of globalization has brought the world closer together than ever before. It is a process that melts away the walls of yesteryear and encourages the interaction between different cultures, peoples and societies. With this newly meshed ability the world is seeing first hand that there are differences in the treatment of humans in different places. The mistreatment of humans has come to light more often recently as the walls of the nations come down in the rush to globalize and benefit in the business world."
