Abstract The paper states that public administration is crucial to the achievement of developmental aims and that it is substantially inextricable from its wider governance and societal structures and social milieus. The paper relates that an important unit of analysis is the nature of institutions and the "inherently" perceived phenomenon of power dynamics. The concept of power is important in understanding the intra- and inter-organizational political dynamics and reality of public institutions. The paper further states that it is crucial to understand the nature and role of public administration in society in light of globalization and changing role of the state. Lastly, the paper looks at the evolving role of public administration as an instrument of the state in "serving" citizens.
Outline:
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Public Administration in Democratic Governance
UNDP Governance Characteristics
Role of Government
Development Goals (MDGs)
From the Paper "Thus, there is an imminent need to provide for a more balanced and holistic perspective of power in institutions so as to mitigate its predatory consequences and ensure positive implications on current normative trend espousing respect for human rights and rights of minority. The benign conceptualization of power dynamics in political institution, in a way, has a terrible effect on policies and public administration as it would seem espousing for institutionalized discrimination and oppression while benefiting others (usually those holding power or associated with them)."
A discussion of many aspects of bureaucracy in China including defining 'bureaucrat', levels of bureaucratic power, bargaining and the friction between center and local government within the bureaucratic process.
2,855 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 7 sources, 2001, $ 84.95
Abstract This paper identifies what a bureaucrat is, and the levels under which they are classified in China. It illustrates the levels of bureaucratic power, their status at each level, and what is involved in the fluctuation of their status. Bargaining is discussed and revealed as one of the key components of the bureaucratic process in China. The paper also looks at the friction between center and local government within the bureaucratic process, and with the help of two case studies, cites clear examples of what challenges are faced by those leading the way in China's political horizon.
From the Paper "Bureaucratic politics in China is a unique process, under which lies a webbing of bureaucratic levels, status variation and bargaining; each contributing to its unparalleled complexity."
From the Paper "Food waste is not only unfortunate in terms of the lost opportunity to feed hungry Americans but also in terms of the negative effects it has on our environment. The United States spends approximately $1 billion a year to dispose of excess food, (EPA, 1). That is an extravagant waste of both food and money. However, not all food can be reclaimed for human consumption. Livestock farmers use some recovered food to feed their animals. Some recovered food is recycled by commercial businesses and made into other inedible products. Certain food scraps can be composted to create a valuable fertilizer."
Abstract Asks the question of whether the BBC can compete as a public service broadcaster, and whether it should consider privatization in some form.
Privatization
Background to the BBC
Public Service Broadcasting
The Broadcasting Act 1996
The BBC's Digital Service Proposition, Digital Audio
Broadcasting (Radio)
The BBC's Digital Service Proposition - Digital Television
New and Planned Services for Digital Television
Privatization of the BBC's Transmission Network
The Licence Fee and Breakdown of how the Licence Fee is
Spent
BBC Projects ? Commercial Activities
From the Paper " The broadcasting industry has undergone a vast transformation within the past decade, especially within the UK. For many years there were only four television channels which were broadcasting to the UK, then with the introduction of cable and satellite broadcasting, the UK audience was subjected to a multitude of specialized channels. Digital broadcasting is a new type of broadcasting medium, which allows many more television and radio channels to be broadcast. There is also a new array of interactive services which Digital broadcasting will bring."
Abstract This paper takes a look into the various difficulties faced by public officials in deciding what course the government should take to preserve the public's interest, including the attitudes that citizens and public administrators have toward each other and toward the problems.
From the Paper "Defining the public interest in a democracy is a difficult and imprecise matter. An interest group may take a position on an issue and present that its view represents the "public"; consequently, that position must be in the "public interest". The result of many people and many groups is an often wildly differing clamoring of voices and opinions, all claiming to represent the public."
Abstract This paper outline the political career of Senator Strom Thurmond and comments on some of the ways in which he influenced southern politics.
From the Paper "Strom Thurmond, born in Edgefield, South Carolina in 1902, has held his Senate seat longer than any other senator in history. His views and tactics are either loved or hated; rarely is there a middle ground. To some, he's the champion of the "Southern Way", to others, he's a white supremacist in "league with the Devil himself". "
Abstract This is an autobiography of Lyndon Baines Johnson, the 36th President of the United States of America. It covers his entire life, from birth to death, along with his successes, failures, family life and contributions.
The early years: A future scholar
The Hill: A Preparation for Greatness
The Hill, Part II: Successes
The Old Executive Office Building: The Vice Presidency
The White House: The Presidency
The Ranch: A Return to Private Life
Lady Bird
Hindsight is 20/20
From the Paper "Lyndon Baines Johnson was responsible for the greatest domestic legislation this country has ever seen. Through his proposal and support of bills concerning race, poverty, and the rights of Americans in general, Johnson created an equal playing field in America. Sadly, many Americans remember Johnson only as the President who was responsible for sending their generation to Vietnam. His tremendous accomplishments were often overshadowed by chants by the vocal minority's taunts of "Hey, hey LBJ! How many boys did you kill today"? Johnson sought victory at home and abroad. He was victorious in our own backyard, but not on the other side of the world. Johnson's legacy will remain one of greatness for those that understand him as a very complex man who loved his country."
Abstract A look at the writings of William Butler Yeats and Sean O?Casey, contemporaries of the Easter Rising leaders in Ireland and literary figures. The author analyzes the two writers perspectives of the event.
From the Paper ?After the rising, nothing in Ireland was ever the same. Easter week became the central point of modern Irish history, and events were dated according to whether they had happened before or after that event,? says Michael Costigan in A History of Modern Ireland (Costigan 333). Two of Ireland's most significant literary figures, William Butler Yeats and Sean O?Casey who were both contemporaries of the Easter Rising's leaders, treat the subject differently in their writings both before and after the event, but there is no doubt they were both powerfully affected by it."
Tags: uprising, war, religion, tradition, culture, history, leaders, society
Abstract This paper examines past and present Australian Government policies which have impacted and been implemented to address the issue of Aboriginal Health. The author also examines issues such health issues, substance abuse and the high rate of youth suicide.
From the Paper 'The status of Aboriginal health in Australia is currently at critical levels ? much money needs to be injected and considerable work needs to be done to tackle such important health issues as diabetes, mental disorders, substance abuse and the high rate of youth suicide. Along with this, many other related issues need to be addressed, such as the stolen generation, native title, preservation of cultural identity and the topic of reconciliation. The outlook for the future is improving however, in that the government and Aboriginal groups are working together towards a positive outcome through the implementation of innovative government policies aimed at tacking the core issues affecting Aboriginal communities around Australia."
Abstract This paper addresses the issues found in conforming to government standards concerning the involvement of disabled or mentally or emotionally challenged students in public education. Researchers suggest that the principal of a school has the ability to set standards and to maintain them in the face of challenges, including those relating to disabled and disadvantaged students. This paper examines the potential benefits of including principal leadership in the educational environment as a means of ensuring that the standards set forth by IDEA and similar legislation are upheld.
From the Paper " The United States has made great progress in the public and the social forum in accepting and providing for individuals suffering from physical and mental handicaps. Americans with disabilities are now not as greatly challenged in finding a handicapped- accessible workplace or in attending socials services such as entertainment or shopping complexes as in the recent past. Yet despite the significant advances made in these areas, the educational system has consistently fallen short of the needs of those students suffering from either physical handicaps or other forms of special educational needs. (Lipsky & Gartner: 1996)"
Tags: disability, disabled, education, inclusion, needs, principal, special, student, students
Abstract This paper compares aspects of Plato" Republic" and More's "Utopia", including political systems, economic systems, societal responsibilities and communications. The author also discusses the pros and cons of each Utopia.
Each utopia has fundamental ways to keep society from
degenerating. Their economic system, communications,
societal responsibilities, and political systems show how
they try to do this.
Communications: Each utopia has a different stance on
communicating with the outside world.
Societal Responsibility: Each utopia provides a different
way to produce the desired effect of having each
member of society provided for.
Political System: Leaders of each utopia are chosen
through different means.
Most attractive aspects of each utopia.
Least attractive aspects of each utopia.
From the Paper "People complain most about economics, their ability to communicate, their responsibilities to society, and who is leading them. Both Plato and More attempt to solve the problems within these categories. They create societies in which these problems, according to them, are solved, so that the societies will run smoothly, and the citizens will remain happy. The two authors create differing societies; societies that are easy to compare and contrast as to their usefulness. Each society, because they do differ, contain both attractions to it, as well as things that would disenfranchise citizens."
Abstract This paper examines the problem of public transportation in the Los Angeles area specificially the MTA (Metropolitan Transportaion Authority) and its support for train service.
From the Paper "Metro rail construction has been riddled with errors costing millions of dollars to fix, therefore the argument by the MTA for Metro is not persuasive. Hollywood Boulevard is a prime example of construction at its worst. At this area where the Red Line was being built, the sidewalks sank in places to more than a foot and Hollywood stars began to crack and crumble. Also on the Blue Line, is the frequent plowing into of automobiles by these trains. These incidents usually involve in severe injury or the killing of the passengers of the car. As William Fulton points out in The Money Train from The Reluctant Metropolis, "The line from downtown-to-Long Beach expected to cost $700 million (eventually ended up costing $900 million), the twenty-two mile line would serve thirty-five thousand passengers, half that of the busses along Wilshire Boulevard" (142). This is just the beginning of under-estimated costs of projects that would inevitably be headaches for all parties involved, causing the credibility of the MTA to be lessened even further."
Abstract This paper explains the reasons behind the halt in nuclear power plant construction in the United States. Factors in the decline of nuclear power plants include raising costs, disposal of nuclear waste, concern for safety, declining public opinion and governmental programs and decisions not favorable to the nuclear power industry. Footnotes.
From the Paper "After a period of rapid growth in the nuclear power industry, resulting in over a hundred nuclear power plants being constructed in the United States alone, in the early 1970's the industry began to slow and even began to decline in the 1980"s, while the rest of the world continued to increase their nuclear industry capacity. In the mid-1970's the Atomic Energy Commission predicated that by the year 2000 there would be more than 1,000 nuclear power plants in the United States.[1] No new nuclear power plants have been ordered in the United States since 1973 and several plants have gone off-line since.[2] Between 1990 and 1995, 20 additional nuclear power plants came online outside of the United States, with an additional 36 under construction. Furthermore, Robert Newman, the President of ABB Combustion Engineering Nuclear Systems, in a October 6, 1996 New York Times article suggested that his company had been approached by the government of China with a plan to build as many as 150 nuclear power plants over the next 40 years.[3] Currently, there are over 437 nuclear power plants operating around the world.[4] Hence, while the rest of the world is increasing their dependence on nuclear power, the question becomes, why is the Untied States making a rapid reversal in its dependence on nuclear power" Several tangible factors have been suggested: the rising costs of construction of a nuclear power plant, the increase in time that it takes to construct a nuclear power plant, the disposal of low grade and high grade nuclear waste, public safety of living near a nuclear power plant, declining public support for nuclear power, and the fear of nuclear power plants contributing to the proliferation of nuclear weapons around the world."
Abstract As the title says, this essay is a very factual and informative summary of a large list of national statistics. It covers population, religion, trade, politics, labour force, transport and even which fish they catch. It covers some modern internal/external political history and international trade history. A very useful essay for anyone wishing to learn about India especially regarding trade.
From the Paper:
"Situated in the South East Asia bordering with the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, the country India is a country that is linked with Burma, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Belonging to one of the oldest civilizations the Indus Civilizations, its historical setting could be traced up to 5000 years. India has also been subject to a series of conquests like the invasion of Aryans, the Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish and Arabs.
They were also subjected to a series of political strife when the country was endeavoring for its independence in the 20th century. Today it has a federal republic government established on 15th August, the country has a President as the head of state, while the head of the government is the Prime Minister. The legal system is ruled by a cabinet of council of ministers who are appointed by the president at the recommendation of the Prime Minister."
Abstract This paper looks at the problems faced by New York once the huge Fresh Kills' landfill site is closed. Private contractors will take the garbage out of the state by river barge, but in the mean time transfer stations have been set up in poorer areas of the city. The paper discusses the political arguments that have occurred concerning these problems and the huge profits to be made by the companies involved. Waste Management Inc. has a $6 billion 20-year contract for New York. It goes on to discuss environmental pollution from these dumps, industrial pollution in the Hudson River and the problems of carcinogens and clean-ups.
From the paper:
?In the garbage industry, Waste Management, Inc. remains king of garbage hauling after gaining a 20-year $6 billion contract in New York City. Waste Management Inc., based in Houston, Texas, is the largest waste collection and disposal company in the United States and has annual sales in excess of $12 billion. The New York City contract calls for the waste hauler to dispose of its 13,000 tons of garbage a day. This residential, commercial, and industrial garbage will be sent out of state once the Fresh Kills landfill on Staten Island is closed on Jan. 1, 2002. Covering more than 2,100 acres, the Fresh Kills landfill is so large it can be seen with the naked eye from space. (McCrory) It first opened in 1947 and is now considered the largest landfill in the world. The site is unlined and leaches thousands of pounds of toxins into nearby streams. Its odors reach into neighborhoods on both sides of the Arthur Kill, which separates Staten Island from New Jersey.?
