Abstract When the American federal government set up the Securities and Exchange Commission - to reassure investors that they might safely put their money into American companies - after the Great Depression, it accepted its fundamental responsibilities to protect its citizens from at least some of the buffets of historical and economic change. This paper explores both those immediate and long-term effects of the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
From the Paper "The SEC has been able to function most effectively when the administration in office shared this basic progressive stance with Roosevelt. It has fared considerably less well during those historical eras when the part in power in the White House has believed in the gods of market forces. Neither Ronald Reagan nor George Bush believe in the same way that FDR did that businesses should be constrained so that they are forced to act morally and for the public good."
Abstract A look at the the first amendment and a discussion on why the framers of the Constitution felt it was so important to include this clause. The author discusses several areas guaranteed by the First Amendment, such as freedom of religion that should not be taken lightly. This paper pays particular attention to the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that struck down a federal law to limit pornography. The author also uses examples of religious oppression in China, and against the Dalai Lama as examples.
From the Paper "This does not, however, mean that the press is entirely free even today. There are at least two key areas over which advocates for limitation on the freedom of expression and advocates for a greater freedom of expression frequently clash. The first of these has also been in the news lately, for it concerns the idea of national security. The federal government has ? probably since there was a federal government ? withheld some information from the American people on the grounds that to reveal such information publicly would be tantamount to compromising the security of the nation."
Abstract This paper examines local, state and federal responsibility in maintaining emergency management services in preparation for natural disaster. A tornado is used as an example to demonstrate the varying levels of responsibility involved. An analysis of New York City's level of readiness is presented.
From the Paper "Emergency management departments throughout the nation train year round in preparation for natural disasters. The more prepared the emergency management operation is in any town the more prepared, protected and secure the town residents feel. Emergency management holds responsibilities at several government levels in any disaster. The local, state and federal emergency management teams work together to coordinate the most effective and thorough plan possible in the event a natural disaster occurs.
HYPOTEHTICAL TOWN SITUATION
In the event of a tornado in Pleasant Town USA the emergency management office has several avenues it must travel to ensure all of its responsibilities are met. The federal, state and local teams all have connections and interactions with each other when a natural disaster occurs. The extent of the involvement of the state and federal offices is directly dependent on the amount of damage being done by the natural disaster. If a tornado hit Pleasant Town USA several things would occur at each level.?"
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of education reform with the focus being placed on inner city schools. The writer explores many articles in the quest to determine whether or not the reform efforts in the inner city schools have been successful. The writer argues that while intentions may have been good the reform has not worked and will not work until there are also inner city community reforms as well.
From the Paper "For several decades the American public has been demanding changes in the public education system. The children in inner city schools have come under fire for years as being treated as the redheaded stepchild of the education system. Inner city schools have long since been accepted as substandard compared to other schools in funding, equipment, technology and other areas. These deficits have caused the inner city students to fall behind academically from their rural peers. The public and many government agencies have demanded education reform as well. Education reform has targeted many aspects of the nation's educational system to try and improve delivery as well as results. The reform measures for the American public education system have targeted the inner city schools as well as the others. Inner city schools have recently come under public scrutiny because of the obvious and blatant deficits that they are enduring regarding things like computers, textbook availability and other matters. "
Tags: r, inner, city, welfare, poverty, child, student, academic
A discussion of the standard curriculum in American schools which does not address the needs of nor reflect the diversity of the vast majority of students.
Abstract This paper begins by describing to what extent America is a multicultural society and shows how this is clearly reflected in its student population. It then examines the standard American school curriculum and claims that even though America claims to be a melting pot of society, it still needs to cater for the diverse ethnicities that live within its borders. The writer shows how this diversity is not reflected in the curriculum at all.
From the Paper "What exactly does multicultural education mean? What is the scope of such a broad topic? One definition states multicultural education is: ?The education philosophy and methodology aiming to replace a dominant cultural paradigm in the classroom with a multiplicity of views reflecting the students' cultural backgrounds.? James A. Banks writes: "Rather than excluding Western civilization from the curriculum, multiculturalists want a more truthful, complex, and diverse version of the West taught in the schools. They want the curriculum to describe the way in which African, Asian, and indigenous cultures have influenced and interacted with Western civilization." In its purest form, a multicultural education should account for and accommodate all the many peoples who have made America the great nation it is today."
Abstract This paper examines the political and theoretical motivations behind the argument for decentralized arts funding. Also discussed are views on decentralization trends in arts funding and the potential effects on artists, arts organizations and arts audiences as well as on rural, urban and suburban areas.
From the Paper "The Arts breathes life into any community, whether urban, suburban, or rural. How often have we heard of a ghost town, perhaps an old mining town, or a city's abandoned warehouse district, or a small farming community once remote but now only minutes away the city limits of a major city, that has been virtually transformed by becoming home for the arts. Art is a magnet. It draws people no matter their race, social or economic status. It is just as likely that a tobacco farmer, living a hundred miles from the nearest metropolitan area, enjoys the Boston Pops on PBS just as much as the executive living in a high-rise condo. "
Abstract This paper presents a description of a needed disaster plan in Queens, New York. The writer outlines the need for a disaster plan and then presents a proposed plan for the future. These ideas are based on the response to the Sept 11th terrorist attacks in New York and Washington.
From the Paper "As the world watched in horror on September 11, 2002 the planes hit the buildings. From that moment emergency response offices across the country began to re-evaluate their disaster plans and update them. The area of Queens New York should have a disaster plan that is both technologically sound as well as plausible as an action.
"Before one can begin to understand the need for a disaster plan one must have a grasp on what a disaster is. A disaster for the purpose of emergency response offices means something that affects the residents of an area in a negative manner. A disaster can be man made or a natural disaster. Some examples of disasters include tornadoes, fires, earthquakes and floods."
Abstract Economic growth is not a universally accepted goal of economic policy. This paper examines the issue of "no-growth" policies and argues that while urban sprawl is destroying the American landscape and decreasing the economic viability of American communities, no-growth policies are not the answer. The effects of these policies, such as a decrease of affordable housing, are outlined. Recommendations for "smart growth" are explored.
From the Paper "Economic Growth is not a universally accepted goal of economic policy. Many individuals, corporation and agencies criticize continued growth as undesirable and unsustainable. Others see it as a necessary means of civilization.
"It is true that urban sprawl is destroying the American landscape and decreasing the economic viability of American communities, but no-growth policies are not the answer. The idea behind no-growth policies is to force new residential and commercial building activity and the subsequent economic development that follows into bedroom communities, when an area is ridden with urban sprawl."
From the Paper " The Attica prison riot took place in September, 1971 at the Attica Correctional Facility near Buffalo, New York and lasted four days. It ended when 1,500 State Police and National Guardsmen stormed the complex, leaving 42 people dead, including 10 hostages ("Attica Prison Riot"). At the end of the riot, there were conflicting calls for tougher prisons on the one hand, and for prison reform to correct the abuses that had contributed to the riot on the other. In the immediate aftermath of the riot, a number of reforms were instituted. However, in the years since, politicians and administrators have responded to calls to be tougher on crime by incarcerating many more people, thus overcrowding many facilities; reducing any service that might be seen as "coddling" prisoners; reducing or eliminating prison education programs; and generally creating a.."
Discusses California's Corcoran State Prison. Guards' use of deadly force, mentions the 1998 court case involving the shooting of an inmate by a guard. Denial of prisoners' civil rights.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, 2001, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Corcoran State Prison, part of the California prison system, has become infamous as a place where prisoners are abused, where guards used prisoners to stage fights and then bet on the outcome, where complaints by prisoners led to punishment for the prisoners but not for the guards who were committing offenses, and where finally a court delivered a major verdict against the California state prison system.
In its first decade of operation, Corcoran State Prison, touted as a state-of-the-art facility, proved to be a very dangerous place for prisoners to be placed. In that first ten years, Corcoran guards shot and killed seven inmates, and only nine months after opening, guards shot and wounded three inmates in eight weeks. These shootings were ruled justified on the claim that the intent was to protect an inmate or guard. "
From the Paper The elderly population in the United States is growing in number as people live longer and as the baby-boom generation reaches old age, and yet this older generation may have a more precarious existence than has been true in recent decades for that population. There has been much rightful concern about the elderly in America in an era in which the extended family no longer holds sway so that the elderly are more often completely on their own. Another concern has been related to the so-called entitlements in the federal budget--Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and welfare--and the impact a reduction, either by design or because the system is not secure, will have on the elderly. In the recent budget debate in congress, Medicare was one of the issues, with some seeing it as politically untouchable, while others considered ways to reform the system..."
From the Paper "Compensation and benefits are two of the major considerations that potential employees take into account when they decide whether to accept employment, or how long to stay with a particular employer. Recent years have seen considerable changes in this area, with changes in benefit structures, how benefits are implemented, and areas of concern for employees. This research considers the area of benefits for public sector employees.
Benefit Trends
In today's highly competitive employment environment, there are some trends which are emerging as being critical in the area of employee benefits. The first of these is increasing employee responsibility for their own retirement. As employees change jobs more frequently, they..."
From the Paper "Introduction
The federal government has several agencies dedicated to protecting the rights and welfare of workers; some of these agencies protect wages and salaries while others investigate unfair dismissal. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), created in 1970, seeks to protect workers from unsafe job conditions. That the federal government should be involved in this aspect of the lives of its citizens is not surprising given the involvement that the government has with regard to employment and jobs in general. The federal government sets the minimum wage, administers Social Security (which is the only pension many workers will receive) and serves as an advocate for workers in other situations. This research examines how and why OSHA was created, what its role has been during its quarter century of existence, some.."
From the Paper "Introduction
Federal employees are not covered by many of the same regulations to which employees in private industry are subject, and many among the general public associate "bureaucrats" with federal employees. The federal government is often perceived as being unwieldy, inefficient, and a bastion of employees who would not be able to perform effectively in private industry. In 1978, Congress tried to address these concerns with the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA), the last major overhaul of the federal employment system. In the intervening 20 years, the Act has been both lauded and criticized for its effects with even its supporters calling for additional reform. This research examines the Act and its effects over the past two decades from a human resource management perspective."
From the Paper " INTRODUCTION
Community policing is a program being instituted in more and more police departments across the country, and it requires special training for the officers if it is to be effective. Community Policing is a program that links the actions of the police with citizen participation. This is part of an overall effort to solve the problems of the community by involving the community. Among the features of such a program are integrated investigations, team and neighborhood rather than a shift and divisional basis for officer deployment, foot patrols, and community service as a focus along with problem-oriented policing instead of mere crime-fighting. Programs of this sort mean a different structure for the police as well as altered functions, allocations of resources, and general attitude. This can be a.."
