Abstract The average American child watches three to four hours of television daily. This paper looks at violence on television and how it subliminally effects children. The author argues that the amount of time children watch TV, regardless of content, should be moderated, because it keeps children from doing more beneficial activities such as reading and playing with friends.
From the Paper "It's three o?clock in the Smith residence and little Johnny just arrived home from school. He is greeted by his mother, and she asks him how his day was and they talk for a couple minutes, similar to the routine in many households. After they are done talking, Johnny decides that he's going to watch some television. While Johnny's mother is ironing in the other room, little does she know that her son was watching the wild coyote attempting to blow the roadrunner's head off."
Abstract This paper talks about the causes and effects of the increase in high school violence in the last few years. An argument for emphasis on younger education. The author includes examples and statistics of school violence studies and a few proposed solutions to school violence.
From the Paper "Since the April 20,1999 shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, school violence has been getting a substantial amount of attention, especially compared to ten years ago. The number of extremely violent crimes committed by students has been increasing in the last few years. These incidents are not only increasing in number, but in the amount of bloodshed in each occurrence. Some experts seek to analyze the effects of this violence, while others attempt to pinpoint the causes, figuring them to be everything from parental violence to "shoot to kill" video games. There are many solutions that must be put together in order to help solve this urgent problem."
Abstract This paper takes a look at cocaine abuse and how it effects the individual. The author looks at what cocaine is composed of, its short-term and long- term effects and how it effects the brain.
From the Paper "Although it is known that cocaine became popular on the street, especially in big cities of the United States in the1970s and 1980s, it has a fairly long history. In fact, cocoa leaves (raw ingredient for cocaine production) have been used for more than five thousand years as a mild stimulant by some South American tribes. In the middle of the 19th century, cocaine was first extracted from cocoa leaves in South America. In the U. S., it was legal and widely used as an ingredient in medicines. Cocaine was introduced as an ingredient of Coca-Cola in 1888, though it was removed and replace with another stimulant, caffeine, in 1903. Today, cocaine is completely illegal in the U.S. except for medical uses such as a local anesthetic."
Abstract This paper defines and compares the theories of learning from the behaviorist perspective and the cognitive point of view. The author discusses the contribution of psychologists in theses respective fields and concludes that a more detailed theory including situational characteristics is necessary.
From the Paper "Behaviorism is a theory of animal and human learning that focuses on objectively observable behaviors; behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior through a process of conditioning. Classic conditioning occurs when a natural reflex responds to a stimulus; a certain stimulus will produce a biological response. The most popular example is Pavlov's observation that dogs salivate when they eat or even see food."
Abstract This paper covers dream interpretation, different types of dreams and why we have them. The author looks at some theories of Sigmund Freud, dream interpretation in different religions, REM sleep and provides some examples.
From the Paper "Why do we have dreams? Many people wonder why we dream and what they mean. Research now shows that dreams occur during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. Most of those detailed dreams that we remember, researchers say, happen during REM sleep. REM sleep is a stage in our natural sleep cycle in which dreams occur. During REM sleep there is rapid eye movement, loss in reflexes, increased pulse rate, and brain activity. (Lavie 65 - 70)"
Tags: dreams, conscious, unconscious, REM, sleep, cycle, heart, body, mind
Abstract This paper discusses the condition that plagues thousands of people each year, anorexia nervosa. The author examines which populations frequently deal with the disease, the symptoms, the risks, and hospitalization and rehabilitation. The paper looks at the psychology behind this many times fatal eating disorder.
From the Paper:
"American society women are given the message starting from a very young age that in order to be successful and happy, they must be thin. Eating disorders are on the rise; it's not surprising given the value which society places on being thin. Television and magazine advertising show the image of glamorous and thin models are everywhere. Thousands of teenage girls are starving themselves daily in an effort to attain what the fashion industry considers to be the ideal figure. An average female model weighs 23% less than the recommended weight for a woman. Maintaining a weight 20% below your expected body weight fits the criteria for the emotional eating disorder known as anorexia."
Abstract This paper looks at the ethical question of spanking children as a method of discipline, by comparing it with other methods of disciplining. The author contends that helping your child to handle his own frustration and anger calmly helps him feel good about himself.
From the Paper "In a recent survey by the AAP they were divided in their opinion. Of parents surveyed 80% admitted they spanked. Only 10% felt spanking was a good method of discipline. The other 70% regretted wanted to find other methods. Controlled spanking is not child abuse, but it can lead to abuse if the parent is angry, frustrated, and out of control.According to Black's Law Dictionary, child abuse is, "An intentional or neglectful physical or emotional injury imposed on a child, including sexual molestation." As for battery, it is "The application of force to another, resulting in harmful or offensive contact." Most spanking incidents, therefore, do not in any way fall under the definition of child abuse."
Abstract The writer explores the differences and the similarities between single and dual parent homes and uses three sources to identify each category. The emotional, social and developmental characteristics of children from each type of home is analyzed.
From the Paper "In today's world there are as many children living in homes of single parents as there are children living in homes with two parents. It has become so commonplace that it is not unusual to hear questions such as "Does your dad live with you"? or "Are your parents divorced"? as a normal part of daily conversation. There have been numerous studies done on the effects of being raised in a single parent home and being raised in a dual parent home. Many differences between the two settings have been discovered and many similarities have also been noted. The one thing experts agree on is that they are not one and the same."
Defines personality, examines major differences in personality tests, validity and reliability, as well as advantages and disadvantages of different approaches.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, 1999, $ 39.95
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a brief overview of personality assessment. To this end, the paper discusses the definition of personality: some of the major differences in the tests use to assess personality; validity and reliability concerns associated with different categories of assessment; and the advantages and disadvantages associated with assessment differences.
From the Paper "PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to present a brief overview of personality assessment. To this end, the paper discusses the definition of personality: some of the major differences in the tests use to assess personality; validity and reliability concerns associated with different categories of assessment; and the advantages and disadvantages associated with assessment differences.
Definitions
Although, generally, personality refers to certain stable patterns of behavioral and psychoemotional traits (Samuel, 1992), there is a lack of consensus in terms of establishing a precise definition of the construct. This is because theorists ..."
A look at the fact that adolescents are faced with more sophisticated risks today than they were at the beginning of the century due to the breakdown of the family, the media, the repercussions of the Civil and Women's Rights Movements, etc.
2,374 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, 2000, $ 72.95
Abstract This explores the subject of adolescence: how juveniles today differ from youths from the past in dealing with issues such as sex, schooling, and the effects of media.
From the Paper "Many people are familiar with the terms anorexia and bulimia. The reason is that in this time and day, many more cases of these eating disorders have been reported. The group most affected by these eating disorders is teenagers and young women. However, more men are becoming victims of eating disorders. Could you spot a person that suffers from anorexia or bulimia? In some cases you could, and in others you cannot, such as in AIDS patients. In some cases, you couldn"t tell even if the person sat next to you, but in other cases such as those that underwent chemotherapy, it is easier to identify. There are many severe effects for people that suffer from anorexia or bulimia. However, there's also a lot more help than there was decades ago. Hopefully, the more educated people become about eating disorders, the less we"ll be hearing about the lives they claim."
From the Paper "Established in 1946, the IMF was formed as an international organization of 182 countries, established to promote international monetary cooperation, orderly exchange arrangements; that fosters economic growth and high levels of employment; have exchange stability, and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries under enough safeguards to help ease balance of payments adjustment. It was now time for Russia to turn to the world for help."
Abstract This paper presents a critical overview of American consumerism and how images are "sold" to American teenagers.
From the Paper "The media puts a tremendous amount of pressure on teens, telling them they are not cool enough without a certain look. The only way to get the look is to get the product. It's a world made of marketing and many factors show that marketers have gone too far in their attempts to reach the hearts- and wallets of America's youth."
Abstract This paper talks about how the media portrays violence in children. The author argues that the media claims violence is caused by movies or television and provides evidence why this is not accurate, suggesting other reasons why violence in children has developed over the past century.
From the Paper "One morning a high school student named Kip Kinkle woke up, and chose to shoot his parents in his own home. He then proceeded to school and shot his way through Thurston High School cafeteria. No one believed that such a tragic event could happen more than once. The media portrayed the event in great detail. They outlined the actions of Kinkle, telling his story in almost a heroic fashion and detailing his killing spree. Just one year later, the mass attacks by two students at Columbine High School in Colorado has resulted in attempts to understand the influence the media has on shaping personal views of violence and the implications of copycat crimes."
Abstract This paper explores television violence and its effects on children. It addresses how TV manipulates the minds of children, causing them to act in more aggressive and violent manners. The author argues that TV violence distorts children's minds into believing that violence is a healthy and acceptable way of dealing with problems.
From the Paper "How many parents give a sigh of relief when their child's favorite program comes onto television (TV)? Probably, a vast majority of today's parents do because TV allows them to obtain some moments of personal freedom. Marie Winn, author of The Plug-In Drug, proclaims ?Television keeps children quiet and passive, cuts down on loud and boisterous play, prevents outbursts between brothers and sisters, and eliminates a number of potentially destructive household "experiments" that children might be indulging in??(66). So how could something that is so addictive, to the degree that it settles down even the most robust five-year-old, is dangerous to society? To answer this question there are many statistics, theories and concepts to explore."
