From the Paper " Introduction
Parental death can have serious effects on children; indeed, in comparison with other forms of family dissolution and disruption, parental death has consistently been found to be the strongest stressor on children (Sandler, Reynolds, Kliewer & Ramirez, 1992). Many of these effects can linger well into adulthood. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the effects of parental death on children. The review looks at both short-term and long-term effects; it concludes with treatment considerations.
Short-Term Effects
In the first-year period following the death of parent, children can experience diverse emotional and behavioral effects. One of these was examined by Sanchez, Fristad, Weller and Weller.."
Psychoanalysis of actress. Discussing her childhood, family life, need for love, preoedipal personality, lack of psychosocial development and her marriages.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, 1999, $ 47.95
From the Paper " PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS OF MARILYN MONROE
Introduction
This research paper presents a psychoanalytic analysis of Marilyn Monroe. Psychosocial development includes two latter stages of Erikson's theory. Omnibus analysis discusses personality factors which include the following: abilities, talents, and temperament, family members and cultural tradition, sexual behavior, cognitive style, affect and impulses, motives, attitudes and impulses, and relationships to principle figures.
Psychosocial Development
Erikson's later stages of psychosocial development included "intimacy versus isolation" for the young adult, and "generativity versus self-absorption" for the middle adult. Marilyn Monroe failed to encounter true intimacy and she became.."
Abstract Why do people perform criminal acts? Is it something in their genes? Something in the hand of fate? Is it something that they learn the way that other people learn to recite the names of the presidents or their parents' trade?
From the Paper "Social Learning Theory and Control Theory: A comparison of two models for criminal behavior
Why do people perform criminal acts? Is it something in their genes? Something in the hand of fate? Is it something that they learn the way that other people learn to recite the names of the presidents or their parents' trade?
Many criminologists, along with a high percentage of the sociologists and social psychologists that have studied criminal behavior, have selected this final explanation: People learn to be criminals in the same way that people learn any other kind of voluntary behavior. Scholars who believe this to be the case are adhering to social learning theories - or to related differential association theories - of criminality."
Abstract "The purpose of this research is to examine issues surrounding the emotional development of children exposed to drugs at the prenatal stage. The plan of the research will be to set forth a working definition of emotional development and more generally the context for investigating this topic.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine issues surrounding the emotional development of children exposed to drugs at the prenatal stage. The plan of the research will be to set forth a working definition of emotional development and more generally the context for investigating this topic, and then to discuss ways in which emotional development is compromised by prenatal exposure to drugs known to have toxic properties at each developmental stage, as well as programs that may be available to both parents and children that come within the meaning of the problem area.
Human development has been described as "the study of the way cultural traditions and social practices regulate, express, transform, and permute the human psyche, resulting less in psychic unity for humankind than in ethnic divergences in mind, self ..."
Examines the causes and effects of negative self-image. Discusses definition, role of appearance, gender identity, self-destructive behavior and eating disorders.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, 1999, $ 39.95
Abstract Examines the causes and effects of negative self-image.
From the Paper "Teen-Age Girls and Self-Esteem
Introduction
One of the most popular recent books about the lives of teen-age girls, Reviving Ophelia, dealt with the problem of self-esteem. The author of that book, Mary Pipher, traced many of the problems that teen-age girls have to a lack of self-esteem, noting that suicide, eating disorders, depression, teen pregnancy, and other problems have their origins in self-image. The intent in this paper is to explore that issue of self-esteem, learning how low self-esteem develops and how it impacts the individual.
Self-Esteem
Before we start looking at how self-esteem develops and what ..."
Abstract The problem of alcoholism is viewed as a major social problem, one that has an impact not only on the individual affected and not only on his or her family but on society as a whole. Alcoholism has been examined from a number of different perspectives in an attempt to explain its etiology or its consequences
From the Paper "The problem of alcoholism is viewed as a major social problem, one that has an impact not only on the individual affected and not only on his or her family but on society as a whole. Alcoholism has been examined from a number of different perspectives in an attempt to explain its etiology or its consequences. The prevailing perspective is the medical model, which holds that alcoholism is a disease, which also means that it can be treated through medical means. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an organization that makes use of a theory of self-help to enable alcoholics to take control of their own lives and to learn to change their behavior, following a disease theory of alcoholism. Alcoholics Anonymous stands outside the medical model in that it does not offer a "cure" and indeed holds that the individual will always be an alcoholic. What the alcoholic..."
Abstract "Often when people look at a successful person, what they see as contributing to that success is a number of skills and talents specific to a profession or job. However, it is also possible to examine successful people's careers and see at the core of their success a set of similar skills that transcend whatever specific profession they are in.
From the Paper "Often when people look at a successful person, what they see as contributing to that success is a number of skills and talents specific to a profession or job. However, it is also possible to examine successful people's careers and see at the core of their success a set of similar skills that transcend whatever specific profession they are in. This may be especially true for the entrepreneur; indeed, a definable set of entrepreneurial skills seems to exist apart from whatever particular talents people bring to entrepreneurial enterprises. This paper examines those key ingredients for being a successful entrepreneur.
Maul and Mayfield (1990) list ten traits that are key to entrepreneurship - although they are clear in their assessment that not every entrepreneur is equally good at all of them; in ..."
Examines the positive and negative effects, gender issues, competition, the role of parents and coaches, moral development, physical requirements, injuries, protective equipment and diet.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 15 sources, 1999, $ 119.95
Abstract "Controlled sports permeate the everyday life of American society. Even young children are affected through their exposure to organized athletics, which include baseball/softball, soccer, football, karate/judo, wrestling, field/ice hockey, lacrosse, boxing, and rugby.
From the Paper "Controlled sports permeate the everyday life of American society. Even young children are affected through their exposure to organized athletics, which include baseball/softball, soccer, football, karate/judo, wrestling, field/ice hockey, lacrosse, boxing, and rugby. Participation in such sports can have both a positive and negative effect on the lives of children.
Griffin (1998) offers research and personal insight on organized athletics in an attempt to help parents make decisions about their children and sports. One of the main issues the author addresses is what impact sports have on the social, physical, and moral development of children. The basis of this book is that children see sports as more than just enjoyment and the enhancement of physical skills, particularly for the child who is an enthusiastic participant: "sports is about growing up ..."
From the Paper "This paper is on the eating disorders of anorexia nervosa, a complex and often fatal illness, and bulimia nervosa, a related condition. It attempts to explore the extent to which social expectations, primarily male ideals about the female body, are a major causal factor in the etiology of anorexia, but looks as well at other explanations.
Anorexia nervosa is defined as self-starvation leading to a loss of body weight to a level 15 percent below normal, accompanied by hyperactivity, hypothermia, and amenorrhea. Hypothermia results when the body fat is lost and the victim becomes cold all the time. Amenorrhea is defined as the absence of at least three menstrual cycles.
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that affects from 5 to 15 percent of young women. Girls with bulimia may appear..."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of a child with ADHD. The writer discusses the diagnosis process and then develops a detailed treatment plan of the child in his educational setting as well as his home environment. The writer also provides a literature critique of published studies on the topic of ADHD.
From the Paper "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD) has recently been the focus of media attention. The debates have centered around its existence, and if it exists the way it impacts the lives of those who have it. Children with ADHD often have a hard time with social interaction, education, and family relationships because of the clinical manifestations it expresses. Children who have ADHD can be productive and successful if they have a well thought out treatment plan in place. "
Abstract This paper investigates a few theories which together make up a new theory explaining criminality. This synthesized theory makes statements such as that behaviors and personalities are inherited and that a person should just accept it. The author illustrates how the importance lies in the combination of all the theories taught previously.
From the Paper "The second part of the nature vs. nurture theory suggests that behaviors and personality traits are nurtured, or encouraged through a series of events?whether good or bad. The second element of the "synthesized theory" says that when those two theories are combined with a new theory, such as studying generations of criminals, we have an entirely different approach to dealing with crime. This new "synthesized theory" can be named "generational studies" for the purpose of discussion."
Abstract Anxiety disorders are a varied and complicated set of physical and psychological problems that affect more than twenty million Americans. This paper examines these disorders, which include general anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorders, and phobias. It shows how these can often exert a disabling influence upon the individual's life, and disrupt his or her personal and social interactions. Treatments are discussed which focus upon helping the individual to identify and understand the irrationality of their anxiety, and to assist them in facing up to their fears.
From the Paper "Anxiety is, "one of the main motivating forces in much of human behavior" (Beck & Emery, 1985, p. 13), and is a normal reaction to a threatening object or situation. It produces a wide range of physiological and psychological effects that are often described as preparing the body for primitive "fight or flight". These symptoms result from the increased amount of adrenaline that is produced by the sympathetic nervous system, which causes an increase in the heart and respiration rate, the raising of blood pressure, and the contraction of blood vessels in the skin and intestines as blood is diverted to the heart, lungs and muscles (P.H.R., 1997). Although these reactions are appropriate when faced with incidents of threat or danger, if this level of anxiety continues after the threat has been removed, or if no real threat exists, these physical and psychological symptoms can lead to the development of anxiety disorders."
Abstract This paper attempts to dissect the concept of anger as a mixture of thoughts, feelings and emotions. It provides various definitions and interpretations and analyzes how it is caused. It shows how unexpressed anger can create problems leading to pathological portrayals of anger, such as passive-aggressive behavior and how anger turned inward may cause hypertension, high blood pressure or depression. It evaluates if anger is particularly gender specific since boys have more frequent temper tantrums than girls and discusses various forms of anger management giving examples from the Bible.
From the Paper "As culturally prescribed sex roles fade in our culture, the gender differences in aggressiveness may decline but will men become less aggressive or women more aggressive or both (mentalhelp.org)? The crime rate for women is increasing much more quickly than for men (mentalhelp.org). Also, experimental studies of punishment show women administering just as much electric shock to test subjects as men do (mentalhelp.org). Boys and men expect acting aggressive to pay off, girls and women don't (mentalhelp.org). Women experience more distress and guilt after aggressing than men do; they also are more sympathetic with the victim afterwards (mentalhelp.org). Some studies show that about 50% of college students both males and females account having been physically aggressive to some extent (from throwing something to beating up on someone) (mentalhelp.org)."
Abstract The paper discusses the biological, social, cultural and psychological factors that can affect the person through the ages of 18-22. It examines how this period is a time that is full of changes for the individual, as the person reaches this stage of their life, they begin to take on adult responsibilities such as going to college, starting a career, getting married and starting a family. The individual also finds relationships with family and friends changing as he exerts his independence. It also evaluates how a person's gender, race, economic status and parental involvement play a big part in deciding who the person will be as an adult.
From the Paper "It is important for social workers to evaluate juveniles who are considered a ?threat to the community (Miser, 1996).? They need to look at why the individual may have difficulty with rehabilitation, and deal with all problems in behavior, no matter how complex they may be. If the behavior isn?t addressed as youths, the patterns will continue into early adulthood and be more expensive to the community. Unfortunately, social workers are usually required to assess these cases quickly and may only deal with the most important problems, instead of also dealing with the underlying problems. This suggests social workers should specialize in specific areas, where the young adults can benefit the most."
Abstract This paper looks at the growth of the science of psychology over time and the development of different concepts such as functionalism and structuralism. It discusses how psychology has its roots in philosophy and each school of psychology was formed largely as a reaction to the previous school, e.g., functionalism grew out of structuralism and humanism and cognitive psychology grew out of Gestalt psychology.
From the Paper "Ancient Greek philosophers? exploration of psychological topics such as epistemology, ethics and mental illness; the 17th century French Philosopher Rene Descartes and his theory of dualism; Thomas Hobbes and John Locke's theories which later became known as monism, and the field of physiology have all contributed significantly to the emergence of psychology as a separate science. The "birth" of psychology, however, is often traced to 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt began the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, which also signaled the start of the school of psychology known as structuralism. Compared to earlier philosophers, Wundt's approach to the study of mind was much more scientific."
