Examines the history of fashion, psychological effects on the public, sociocultural aspects, selling of body images, impact of the industry and advertising on adolescent girls, anorexia and bulimia.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 26 sources, 1999, $ 135.95
Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine connections between the policies, strategies, and practices of the fashion industry and the phenomenon of eating disorders. The plan of the research will be to set forth the background and context in which such connections can be credibly made and then to discuss the extent to which compelling evidence exists that there is fashion-industry culpability in the reach and severity of eating disorders.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine connections between the policies, strategies, and practices of the fashion industry and the phenomenon of eating disorders. The plan of the research will be to set forth the background and context in which such connections can be credibly made and then to discuss the extent to which compelling evidence exists that there is fashion-industry culpability in the reach and severity of eating disorders, where such disorders can be interpreted as a response of fashion-industry customers to social and cultural norms that the industry either shapes or leads.
The influence of the fashion industry on medical pathology that arises from eating pathology cannot be understood without an appreciation of the ability of cultural norms to influence a whole range of human behavior within that culture. Equally ..."
A review of the psychotherapist's work on dehumanization and the relationship between conditioning and spiritual dimension of freedom and meaning, based on logotherapy.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, 2000, $ 55.95
From the Paper "Viktor Frankl, in Man's Search for Meaning, examines the relationship between human conditioning and the human spiritual dimension of freedom and meaning. As a psychotherapist, Frankl does not offer religious solutions, but he clearly believes that the individual seeking freedom and meaning in his or her life must connect with some cause beyond himself or herself, or with some person other than himself or herself, if he or she is to overcome the dehumanizing and unhealthy forces of conditioning in physiological, social and psychological terms. Frankl also believes that it is the responsibility of the individual to recognize his or her freedom of choice, despite the conditioning circumstances which prevail, and to take action based on that freedom which will transcend that conditioning and lead to a connection with another human being and/or with a cause which..."
From the Paper "What effect violent video games may have on children is important for us as a society to determine simply because children (along with adults, who are, after all, supposed to serve as role models for children) spend so many hours playing them. The electronic-games industry posted sales of $5.5 billion in the U.S. in 1998, and was the second-most popular form of home entertainment after television. According to one survey, nine out of ten U.S. households with children have rented or owned a video or computer game. And a lot of what children are playing when they turn to video games is pretty gory. Nearly a third of the Top 100 video-console games for the first quarter of 1999 had at least some sort of violent content. And among video and computer games, bloody titles like Quake and GoldenEye 007 rank..."
Abstract This paper examines how the author, a specialist in child care and a teacher of special need children, addresses the sensitive issue of a child abuse victim being accused of a horrible crime to another child. This paper discusses the sensitive issues of the book and how it can be used as a guide for both a teacher and a parent when addressing children with special needs.
From the Paper "The book One Child by Torey L. Hayden details the psychological and physical rehabilitation of a young girl named Sheila who had committed a horrific crime against another child. Sheila however, was herself the victim of a crime. Sheila was abandoned by her mother on a highway. The author of this nonfiction, first-person account named Torey Hayden, the girl's teacher, had to deal with both the young girl's loss of her mother, which motivated the girl to commit such an action. Hayden also had to deal with losses the girl experienced because of the unconscionable living environment she finds herself in. This book is instructive for a student of nursing as well as a student of teaching because it illustrates how loss is not always a concrete event, especially in the life of a child. Rather, loss becomes part of the development of the child's personality unless intervention and proper counseling occur."
Abstract This paper examines the theories that Freud and Jung developed to explain what it is that our dreams mean to us when we are awake. The paper demonstrates that great scientists, like the rest of us, believe that dreams must mean something, must be useful for something. Freud's and Jung's different approaches to understanding and interpreting dreams, are illustrated.
From the Paper "Given the simultaneous meaningfulness and fragility of dreams, it is not surprising that the greatest psychoanalysts should have turned their minds to trying to understand how it is that people interpret dreams and how it is that dreams affect our waking actions. And, given the essential ambiguity of dreams, it is hardly surprising that Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung differed dramatically in their readings of what it is that dreams mean."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of stress in peoples lives. It shows that every person handles some levels of stress during his lifetime, but everyone deals with this is different ways. The paper discusses the issue of PTSD which is a condition experienced by some people after a very traumatic experience. The paper looks at symptoms, causes and treatment of the disorder and how people cope with its after-effects.
From the Paper "It is probably not necessary to point out that life can be stressful. Everyone faces a different mix of adjustive demands in life, and any one of us may break down if the going gets tough enough. Under conditions of overwhelming stress, even a previous stable person may develop temporary psychological problems and lose the capacity to gain pleasure from life. This breakdown may be sudden, as in the case of a person who has gone through a severe accident or fire, or it may be gradual, as in the case of a person, in a deteriorating marriage or other intimate relationship, who has been subjected to prolonged periods of tension and challenges to his or her self-esteem. Most often a person recovers once a stressful situation is over, although in some cases there may be long-lasting damage to self-concept and an increased vulnerability to certain types of stressors. Today's stress can be tomorrow's vulnerability. In the case of a person who is quite vulnerable to begin with, of course, a stressful situation may precipitate more serious and lasting psychopathology."
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the features of the conflict perspective. Specifically, it presents a look at the features that seem attractive, and those features that seem especially unattractive. The paper defines conflict as a constant element of society, as the part of society always fighting against dominance and submission.
From the Paper "The conflict perspective is defined as: "A theoretical perspective that focuses on the struggle among different social groups over scarce rewards" (Iverson). There is nothing so constant in society as conflict. The history of our world revolves around conflict, religious or otherwise. Society would not be society without some form of conflict. The conflict perspective is more than just war or violence; it is the part of society always fighting against dominance and submission. The conflict perspective is alive in everything from conflicts between management and labor unions (think of the recent dockworkers strike), to the struggle for women to gain equal compensation in the workforce."
Abstract The paper examines the book "A Journey into the Deaf-World" by Harlan Lane, Robert Hoffmeister and Ben Bahan. It discusses how the book covers many technical issues in detail, but the underpinning for all of it is that the Deaf-World is its own unique culture with its own unique language and is every bit as much of a subculture as it is to be African-American or some branch of Hispanic. It looks at how the beliefs of people in the Deaf-World about their culture and language are challenged by people charged with helping them: educators, psychologists, audiologists, social workers and others all tend to think of hearing loss as a disability. It provides a detailed history of sign language and the use of ASL (American Sign Language).
From the Paper "Many people in the Deaf-World object to this view. They know the richness of their language and understand its cultural significance, which the authors broke out into several sections. They note that ASL is a symbol of identity for people in the Deaf-World. In addition, it is the only language they can use to communicate with each other. It binds them together. One fear the Deaf-World has is that forced oral communication will undermine their culture, because it will force deaf people with no sign language skills to talk only with non-deaf people."
Abstract This paper examines Salvador Minuchin and his structural method of family therapy. The paper presents a brief history of Minuchin's life, his peers and influences. The paper includes a clear description of this particular type of therapy, outlining the five basic concepts of the therapy and the different strategies used. The paper also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of this modality. Finally examples of a family session are provided.
From the Paper "Salvador Minuchin was born in Argentina in 1921 to Russian-Jewish immigrant parents. (Doorey) Minuchin was the oldest of three children and the son of a successful businessman. When the Great Depression came into fruition his family's business deteriorated and the family was thrown into a life of poverty. (Doorey) Salvador's fascination with helping people through psychology began when he was in High School and he sought to help juvenile delinquents. (Doorey) He became enthralled with the works of the philosopher Rousseau. When he was 18 he entered medical school and was involved with the political movement that sought to overthrow the dictator Juan Peron. Minuchin's protest landed him in jail for three months. Salvador graduated in 1946 and began his residency in pediatric psychology."
Abstract This paper discusses the possible causes and the harmful effects of divorce in the United States. It outlines the most common causes of divorce according to the experts: no-fault divorce laws, financial hardships, low levels of satisfaction and commitment, infidelity, poor communication and lack of conflict resolution skills and describes how the important and most devastating for the entire nation is the negative effect that divorce has on the young children belonging to divorced parents.
From the Paper "Money problem is by far the most common and the Number one cause of divorce in the United States. Most couples experiencing the pains of a constrained relationship opt for divorce only because of their inability to cordially solve the issue of finances. Constant fighting over the money results in the rising tension followed by disintegration of the family. National statistics reveal "as many as 70 percent of divorcing couples attribute the breakdown of their marriage to arguments about money" (Carter et al: E4)."
Abstract This paper details the psychological theory of Abraham Maslow. The paper discusses his hierarchy of needs, listing each need and providing examples, as well as showing how the hierarchy is built. There is an expanded section detailing what is meant by self-actualization as well as what Maslow called "peak experiences". A full listing of the B ? values are given, as well as numerous other traits and characteristics of self-actualized people. Also explained are Maslow's other hypothesized needs, such as the cognitive, aesthetic, and neurotic needs, and how these all interact with his hierarchy of needs. The paper introduces Maslow as a visionary and pioneer of humanistic psychology who came from a world dominated by psychoanalysis and behaviorism and emerged to provide the world with a more positive, instructional, and human view of mankind and his place in nature.
From the Paper "These theories shared in common an approach to understanding human nature and behavior that were based directly outside the subjective needs, beliefs, and values of the individual. In grossly simplified terms, the individual was viewed either as a locus in the environment where current stimuli reacted with past reinforced behavior patterns to produce a response or as an almost helpless entity, where deep in the primitive recesses of the human brain a battle was fought for psychological control. Where forces of the good "superego" were beating back the evil armies of the "id" (sex and aggression) and whichever side was winning the battle at any given time would manifest itself in the person's overt behavior. Abraham Maslow was a visionary who pioneered the field of "humanistic" psychology. Aptly named because its primary goal was to center the field of psychology around the individual person ? to treat them as wanting, feeling, needing, spiritual, and unique beings and to guise psychological theory in terms that took this into account."
This paper examines the child development theories of Jean Piaget, which divides into four stages: Sensori-motor, preoperational thought, concrete operations and formal operations.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 5 sources, 1980, $ 79.95
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the child development theories of Jean Piaget.
Jean Piaget has long been the most influential figure in the field of child development. His vast volume of contributions was most notable in three particular aspects. First, his ideas were innovative with an awareness of problems which has never before been investigated. Secondly, research in child development has revitalized and reoriented the field, challenging it anew. Third, the research of Piaget is most thoroughly and appropriately founded upon the study of children.
Piaget is perhaps best known for his theory of cognitive
development. He defined cognition as: a form of biological adaptation - the organism's constant ... "
Biological/psychological study of functional differences between brain's hemispheres. Discusses brain damage, perception, nervous system activity, test measurements, expression & facial emotion.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, 1988, $ 39.95
From the Paper "This biological psychology paper will discuss left brain/ right brain differences. What is meant by left brain/right brain differences are differences between the two major hemispheres of the brain, the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. The focus
will be on how the hemispheres differ functionally to affect psychology. A number of studies will be summarized.
II. Biological Aspects
Study of patients with damage to only one brain hemisphere is used to deduce how the right brain and left brain are different-iated. Robertson and Delis (1986) note that patients with damage to the left brain have more difficulty in visuospatial part-whole processing than do patients with damage to the right brain."
This paper discusses the motivation of workers and organizational behavior modification: Theories, leadership approaches, incentives, performance evaluation and quality circles
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 12 sources, 1990, $ 71.95
From the Paper "The field of worker motivation is far from new, in that several researchers and management scientists have for decades investigated those variables that influence the ways in which employees can be motivated by management, and the impact of such implementations on workers in general, unit/team productivity, and the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. Although this field has experienced considerable research in a variety of subareas spanning from monetary rewards to shorter hierarchies, there is no particular approach that proves totally effective and/or efficient in all internal/external environments, with all levels of employees, and with all leadership and/or management styles. The vagaries of ... "
This paper examines the personality theory of psychoanalyst Karen Horney: Differences with Sigmund Freud, emphasizing social relationships over sexual neuroses.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, 1991, $ 47.95
From the Paper "This study will examine the personality theory of psychoanalyst Karen Horney. Horney's personality theory was formed in part as a negative response to the theory of Sigmund Freud. Specifically, Horney differed with Freud with respect to the latter's emphasis on the biological aspects of personality development.
Horney, accordingly, did not "believe in the castration and Oedipus complexes as described by Freud, nor did she accept the psychosexual stages of oral, anal, and phallic. She rejected Freud's concept of penis envy as the determining factor in the psychology of women".
Horney argued that Freud was wrong in concluding that aggression was an innate trait in human beings. Horney, to the contrary, argued that aggression was a tool used by the ... "
