Abstract This paper examines the history of women's roles and rights throughout China's history, and the philosophical underpinnings of these roles in Confucianism and traditional Chinese belief. The author examines the changes in women's lives since the Chinese Revolution.
From the Paper "Today, Chinese women have entered society, without necessarily walking out of the family, and so they are given more than one role in life. China is both an old country and a new country, and its expectations of women reflect that duality. For nearly 3,000 years, China was a feudal society. A new China emerged only after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, in 1949. And the country's modernization has continued in the last 15 years with the institution of economic reform and a policy of interaction with the outside world. In traditional China, marriage was the defining event of a female's life, shifting her space, affiliation and responsibility from her parents' family to her husband's. There is a common saying in China: "men tend the outside and women the inside" (nan zhu wai n? zhu nei). A woman's social role was confined to the family. Her major obligation was caring for her husband, in-laws and children."
A discussion about whether the Electoral College system of electing the President of the U.S. should be abolished and whether this system is undemocratic.
Abstract This paper paper shows the arguments for and against the abolishment of this electoral system. It discusses the history of the electoral system in the United States and presents arguments by both parties on why this system is a non-democratic, unrepresentative one. It shows how in the recent Presidential elections, some may argue that the winning candidate was not the one who got the most votes.
From the Paper "The Electoral College system for electing the President was widely examined and often criticized following the November, 2000 election. Two times in recent history we faced the possibility that a Presidential candidate would get most of the popular vote and yet lose in the Electoral College. The Electoral College interferes with the individual voter's opportunity to express a preference for one candidate over another because only the Electoral College votes really count."
An analysis of philosopher and politician John Locke's Theory of Natural Law and how this contributed to the pre-Enlightenment era of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
Abstract This paper looks at this philosophy whereby Locke's perception of mankind was an extremely optimistic one, and he viewed natural law and the state of nature as being where all men are naturally moral and reasonable, and are born free, equal and possessing the inalienable rights to protect their life, their freedom, and their property.
From the Paper ""Nature is a state of perfect equality amongst all men. In this state, no one man has more power or jurisdiction than any other man." (Locke 1690)
John Locke (1632 - 1704) was a qualified physician and a respected Oxford academic, in addition to being one of several political philosophers who focused on the theories of natural rights and natural law during the pre-Enlightenment era of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Locke's theory of natural law, and of the aims and purposes of government, were detailed in his work, "Two Treatises of Government" (1690), and proved to be influential, not only in Britain, but across the world, especially in America, where his views formed the foundation of the Declaration of Independence and the American system of government."
Abstract The following paper examines the events and consequences of the Vietnam War which cost Americans many lives. The writer focuses on the issue that was created as a result of the war, that of creating the need for someone or something to blame. This paper discusses the possibility that Lyndon B. Johnson was in fact the scapegoat.
From the Paper "There have been few tragedies in history as serious and as hostile as the Vietnam War. Therefore it is critical to understand the underlying triggers which caused a solvable problem to escalate into a full blown catastrophe, if we are to avoid similar mistakes in the future. The causes of America's involvement in the war that 'wasn't really a war' are numerous and varied, but can be essentially pinpointed to the election of President Lyndon B. Johnson."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of the Irish Republican Army. The writer presents a history of the I.R.A. and an overview of its political and social structure. The writer looks at how events in world history, beginning in 1790, with the organization's inception in order to see how world events would influence the path that the I.R.A. would follow. The writer also looks at the support or lack of support the organization receives from the world community.
From the Paper "This show of compromise by the Irish Republican Army has re-established the lines of communication with the United States and President Bush has given his support to IRA and applauded its effort to move the disarmament along to resolve the issues. This disarmament is being done to comply with the 1998 Good Friday agreement between Britain and the Irish Republican Army (Are, 2001). Other nations around the world have also shown recent support for the IRA. In years past there was little support form the rest of the world with some exceptions. One of those exceptions is Libya."
Abstract This paper begins by defining what cyber terrorism is and a brief history since its appearance on the net. It then examines several examples of cyber terrorism and the unique harm done by each of these forms. Examples given are virus spreading, murder, propaganda and data dibbling. The writer finally examines the major players in the game of cyber terrorism and terrorist groups that are active in this crime.
From the Paper "The FBI defines terrorism as the illegitimate use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Cyber-terrorism can be the use of computing assets to threaten or force others. An example of cyber-terrorism could be hacking into a hospital computer system and changing someone's medicine prescription to a lethal dosage as an act of vengeance. It sounds far fetched, but these things can and do occur. Cyber terrorism has also been defined as ?the use of computing resources against persons or property to intimidate or compel a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.?1."
Abstract Stem cell research is considered to be the one of the most promising hopes for the cure of many previously incurable diseases. This paper looks at the advances made in this field while examining the arguments against the continuation of stem cell research. Arguments include pro-life activists, political agendas and human rights groups. The process of how stem cells are removed and used is detailed and the paper shows why this is considered controversial.
From the Paper "As long as women are willing to provide stem cells, scientists may be able to create a new life for thousands. Stem cell research has quickly made its way into the media headlines and is among one of the most controversial subjects in America today. The debate on whether or not to use stem cells for research is a scientific one, but it has also become a political question, as well."
Abstract The paper analyzes the book, which looks at the U.S. government's involvement in the tobacco industry. It discusses shifts in policy making with regard to tobacco and the influence and power of the tobacco industry to fight anti-smoking policies. The effect of federalism on product regulation is discussed, as is the release of the report by the Surgeon General, Luther Terry, in 1964; claiming smoking as a health risk. The Federal Trade Commission's role in regulating cigarettes is looked at and the interference of politics in neutral, scientific, and impartial regulation is raised. The paper concludes with recommendations for the future, such as the rationalization of public policy and the monitoring of policy changes.
From the Paper "The tobacco issue has been a difficult one in the American political system from the beginning of tobacco as a cash crop. The issue has become even more complex in recent years, with one arm of the government offering subsidies and other support to tobacco growers while another is challenging the health risks involved and still another is seeking legal redress. The government has for some time in effect been on both sides of the issue at the same time. Many of the reasons for this can be found in the book Smoking and Politics: Policy Making and the Federal Bureaucracy by A. Lee Fritschler and James M. Hoefler, most recently in its 5th Edition as the authors update their analysis every few years."
Abstract This paper questions how much social responsibility the American individual should have. It shows that the past 250 years have provided Americans with the idea that their individual wants and desires supersede any social need. As the nation faces new troubles, such as terrorism attacks, a slumping economy and other problems, it is becoming important to blend the individual rights with a duty to recognize and act on social responsibility. The paper concludes that if Americans do not begin to spend more time on social responsibility the nation faces the possibility of having to fight for individuals rights.
From the Paper "This is the importance of human individual rights. The right to live peacefully and to pursue happiness is given to each and every person who resides within the boundaries of America. This right is so protected that the Supreme Court is charged with the decision in each case to know if the rights of an individual have been violated or not. If a federal or state government body tries to enact a law that infringes on individual rights the Supreme Court will intervene and stop the law. This is what the nation has been built on and it is what is upheld at the cost and exclusion of all else."
Abstract This paper is a comparative analysis of the rule of Saudi Arabia with the more secular rule in Jordan. It attempts to determine what impact, if any, the practice of Islam, the predominant religion in the Middle East, has on the productivity, culture and international relations of the two nations. It provides a brief overview of Islam and discusses how religion affects the politics and culture of Saudi Arabia and of Jordan.
From the Paper "Islam is one of the most powerful and pervasive religions in the world today. The entire religion is based on "5 Pillars" (or tenets) that all Muslims must adhere to. The pillars of Islam play an important role in intellectual and social dimensions of Islamic life. The word "Islam" itself comes from the Arabic root salaama peace, purity, submission, and obedience. In the religious sense, Islam means complete submission to the will of God and complete obedience to His law (CIA, 1999). The interesting effect that this has on governments is that everything in the world must be governed by God-made laws, rather than man-made laws. Man possesses the quality of intelligence and choice, thus he is invited to submit to the good will of God and obey His law, i.e. become a Muslim."
Examines the leadership skills of former New York City Mayor Rudolph W. Giulian and provides positive commentary on his effectiveness as a leader immediatley following the 9/11 attack on the Twin Towers.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, 2002, $ 71.95
Abstract Rudolph W. Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City, began 2001 in relative national obscurity and was deemed by many to be a mediocre mayor at best. But, by the end of the year, in the wake of 9/11, Rudy Giuliani became a national hero. Giuliani was given an opportunity to demonstrate resolve, inner-strength, courage, and dedication to his cause and country in rare fashion. It was his steady gaze and reassuring voice that carried the day; much more so than President Bush's visibly shaken, uncertain, even frightened flight from city to city in the wake of the attacks. While our President was hiding in bunkers and on airplanes, Giuliani was at "Ground Zero", making himself useful in a direct and incredibly effective manner. There was no pretense, no fear, just a great man who had never had the opportunity to demonstrate that fact of himself. Leadership, true leadership, has inherent qualities that cannot simply be tried on. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the leadership qualities of Rudolph W. Giuliani and to demonstrate that his is an assured political future.
Abstract . Locke believed in private property rights and the state's obligation to protect them. Within this context, he extolled individual rights and the concept of the citizen's sovereignty. In his perspective, the state served the citizens and had to guarantee life, liberty and property. Marx, meanwhile, saw society through the lens of the "class struggle". He believed that the liberation of citizens would only come through the abolition of private property and, eventually, of the state itself.
Abstract This paper shows how the "No Child Left Behind" Act will provide unprecedented changes in the K-12 educational system that will allow all school age children to benefit from the various educational programs available. The writer believes that children will be provided with a multicultural education that will improve the quality of education, overall, for children across the country.
From the Paper "According to the U.S. Department of Education, the act was based on four basic principles: stronger accountability for results, increased flexibility and local control, expanded options for parents and finally, an emphasis on teaching methods that have been proven to work.
The act will further strengthen Title I accountability and ensure that a statewide accountability system covers all public schools and all students."
Tags: education, adult, children, student, teacher, republican, system
Abstract This paper presents an examination of the foundation of life as developed by two famous philosophers. John Locke and Renee Descartes both believed they had come up with an understandable and scientific philosophy about the foundation of life. The writer of this paper compares and contrasts those beliefs.
From the Paper "Throughout history, mankind has tried to develop a philosophy that will explain the existence of life. There have been abstract ideas, concrete ideas, spiritual ideas and others to try and explain the foundation of life in a way that can be understood in future generations. Two of the most scientifically respected men in history worked to develop theories about the foundation of life that could be understood in a scientific manner. John Locke and Renee Descartes are well known for their theories about life. The theories have several similarities as well as several differences. The men made history with their theories about the foundations of life, though Descartes theory seems to be the easiest to understand."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the policy of the Patriot Act, which gives the United States law enforcement agencies the power to intercept and obstruct terrorism by making it possible to conduct surveillance, check on immigration, and many other matters, without consideration for the right to privacy.
Contents
Introduction
Contents of the Patriot Act
Sunset provisions in the Patriot Act
Desired results of the proposed course of action
External impact on government and society
Likely outcomes
Alternative ways to achieve social good
Conclusion
From the Paper "Terrorist attacks against the American way of life and interests are an ongoing conflict that has effected American citizens in many nations from Libya to Iran to Afghanistan and beyond but the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 took place within the US and challenged the US sovereignty causing the authorities finally to take action in the form of preventative measures [Poynder 2003]. These measures took the form of the Patriot Act passed by Congress giving the US authorities and law agencies the powers necessary to conduct surveillance, immigration checks, banking checks etc in order to locate and eliminate any suspected terrorist threat."
Tags: terror, afghanistan, iraq, war, bin, ladin, osama, world, trade, center, fbi, cia
