From the Paper
"This study will compare and contrast the views of Jean Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Jefferson on the social contract, including consideration of how the contract should be established, what kinds of freedom are guaranteed, and what the obligations of the members of the contract should be.


There are many substantial similarities in theme, content and intention in Rousseau's "The Origin of Civil Society" and Jefferson's "The Declaration of Independence." Before we note those, however, it would help to place the two works in context in order to see that there are differences between them.


In the first place, Rousseau's work is theoretical, whereas Jefferson's is practical and directly aimed at a specific set of circumstances. Certainly Rousseau was writing to influence the people and leaders of France in the middle of the 18th century..."

From the Paper
"An Analysis of the Underclass Theory and Possible Solutions

Nothing directly explains why poverty has been surprisingly persistent in a nation such as the United States. Despite considerable efforts to reduce it, the incidence of poverty in 1986 is as high as it had been in the late 1960s and higher than the rate in most other industrial countries.1

Unfortunately the persistence of poverty has taken its toll on particular groups that the public at large feels ambivalent about: unwed mothers, drug users, gang members, and the like. Wilson and those that support his theory have identified a new "underclass" in America--in part fostered by the perception of the poor being concentrated in inner-city areas where crime, teenage pregnancy and welfare dependency are common.2 Ironically,..."

From the Paper
"This study will consider the nature of Plato's political philosophy as expressed in The Republic. The study will argue, essentially, that Plato is not a democrat, that he is not in favor of widespread freedoms (speech, belief or vocation), and that he is fundamentally a nonegalitarian, not trusting the people enough to be strongly in favor of equality (political, socioeconomic, or of opportunity).

Plato is far more concerned with order and organization and a smooth-running and economically efficient society than with democracy. However, the Greeks to whom he expounded his views had come to be accustomed to a measure of democratic practice, so he had to sell what he really believed in a package which the people would believe contained something other than that which it truly contained."

From the Paper
"Abstract

The news media has critics both within the profession and external to it regarding the ways in which they view politicians and their attendant political processes and the ways in which they attack these government officials and their decision and policy formulation. While parental teaching and the news media are both influential in formulating attitudes about politicians and politics, the latter proves more relevant than the former given that it provides the bulk of politically-oriented information to children through adults. There are differing conceptions of privacy when considering individual citizens and politicians, with the former being assured more privacy than the latter. As a remedy to this disparity, information about the private lives of politicians that may prove irrelevant to the ..."

From the Paper
"Bill Clinton beat incumbent George Bush for the biggest prize in American politics: the presidency of the United States. He accomplished this goal - an achievement that seemed impossible to consider, according to the conventional wisdom of political analysts only 18 months earlier - by the simple strategy of winning more votes than his opponent.


Conservative analysts will say that George Bush, sitting president of the United States, lost the 1992 election more than Bill Clinton, sitting governor of Arkansas and Democratic Party challenger, won it.. This would be doing Bush a disservice: facing Clinton - and third-party challenger Ross Perot - the incumbent president was forced to bear the burden of responsibility for 12 years of Republican Party control of the White House. Clinton and Perot ran against those 12 years, not..."

From the Paper
" NEGATIVE BELIEFS ABOUT WOMEN IN THE MILITARY
American attitudes on the role of women in the military have evolved dramatically in a relatively short period of time. Only fifty years ago there were no servicewomen other than nurses. By 1980 we had President Carter seeking authority to register women for possible future draft and when the United States deployed its awesome military forces to the Persian Gulf --- more than 35,000 were women.

Historically war and soldiering have been an all-male preserve.. The armies of Alexander, Caesar, Genghis Khan, Charlemagne, Wellington and Washington were all male. A generation ago this fact-of-life would have gone unchallenged. Men were warriors and hunters. Women maintained the hearth and bore the children. Men were aggressive and women passive. There.."

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine Barrington Moore's Social origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World with a view toward showing the extent to which different material conditions in England and France influenced the character of class alliances that formed in each country and eventually contributed to the emergence of industrial democracy in both. The plan of the research will be to set Moore's approach to comparative analysis in appropriate context, and then to show, by reference to Moore's examination of the French and English cases, how different structures of social-class alliance in each country led eventually to roughly the same result in social structure.

To understand the importance of different material conditions in England and France as central to the manner of.."

From the Paper
"The mass media in America have an influence over nearly every aspect of American life, and there is no reason to believe that the development and implementation of American foreign policy should be any different. Bennett (1994) sees the media as intruding into the frame of world events and cites a number of instances in which the presence of the media has shaped the way foreign policy has been conducted. Dramatic examples are derived from military operations such as the Gulf War, Grenada, and Panama. Bennett also cites the vivid images on American television of the Tiananmen Square incidents in China in 1989 and the fact that 1992 images of starvation in Somalia forced the mobilization of an international humanitarian intervention by the U.S. military. Bennett looks at the Gulf War as showing how well the government can use the media to shape policy and to sell foreign policy. Bennett concludes.."

From the Paper
" INTRODUCTION
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was an important force in the philosophical thought of the eighteenth century. He was an especially powerful influence in the development of educational theory and was one of the primary sources for the political theory that would infuse the age of revolution, notably the American and French Revolutions. After Rousseau and writers such as John Locke, David Hume, and Thomas Hobbes, the sovereign was no longer seen as ruling by divine right. He or she did have to answer to the people, and both the people and the sovereign had to behave in accordance with the law. That law would then be the touchstone for the sovereign to determine how to govern. These are standing laws--they are not developed at the whim of the sovereign to cope with each situation that arises. They are also.."

From the Paper
"The Mexican labor movement began 10 year before the Mexican Revolution of 1910. The Constitution of 1917 embodied the aims of the Revolution by revising land ownership, by drafting a labor code, and by curtailing the power of the Roman Catholic Church..


In its effort to modernize the country, the Diaz regime--the government in power before the Revolution--embarked on a radically new agrarian policy. Joining ranks with local hacendados, it launched a campaign of large-scale expropriation of village lands and political subordination.. The regions most affected by this new policy were central and southern Mexico, first, because increased market production and new railroads had caused land values there to increase, and second, because most free villages were concentrated there. Initially, the campaign proved successful to the government, for..."

From the Paper
"Ignorance is the enemy of democracy. Unlike autocratic societies, a democratic political order requires a stable political culture of an informed citizenry, capable of freely making intellectual choices, and reared in tolerance for the viewpoints of others. Without such a culture, democracy will eventually collapse. The most important social force contributing to such a stable political culture is education.
The purpose of this research is to examine the importance of quality education to democracy. It is argued here that a welleducated society not only helps a democratic order function more effectively, a well-educated society is a pillar necessary to the very survival of democratic institutions. In order to address this issue, the nature of democracy will first be defined, followed by a discussion of how education is an imperative for..."

From the Paper
"Scope of Illegal Immigration
The United States has been unable to stem the tide of illegal aliens who are estimated to number more than 3.5 million (Yang, 1994, p. 34). California absorbs more than 50 percent of the nation's illegal immigrants (Wagar, 1994, p. 4). Because of the burden this places on the state economy, California has been leading the call for a close review of federal immigration laws. However, other states like Arizona, Florida and Texas are asking for more federal funding to reimburse them for services spent on illegal aliens, such as medical care, imprisonment and education.


History of Illegal Immigration
One of the reasons why the illegal aliens have become so difficult to stop is an ideological problem in the United States concerning immigration. The U.S. government cannot determine whether it wishes..."

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From the Paper
"Liberalism

Classical Liberalism
Liberalism or liberal democracy emerged as the political, economic, and social orthodoxy in most European countries from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, and continues to function as a political cultural, social, and intellectual orthodoxy in the mid- and late 20th century. However, liberalism has not remained static in character during this period. Instead, it has evolved according to the circumstance and changing values of contemporary times. Historians of philosophy have separated the evolution of liberalism into two schools. The first or original school has been labeled classical liberalism and is characterized by concerns for the equal rights of ..."

From the Paper
"Purpose Statement
The purpose of this analysis is to present an alternative interpretation of what actually happened in Oklahoma City. This discussion draws together the evidence that two or more explosions took place in the Alfred P. Murrah federal building. If such evidence proves to be credible then the federal government's one-bomb theory is thrown into serious question, and this terrorist act would have to be completely re-examined.

On April, 19, 1995, powerful explosions destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah federal building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. One hundred sixty-eight people died as a result of this terrorist attack (Quayle, 1995). Within hours the FBI had captured a suspect named Timothy McVeigh and within days they arrested an army friend of his, named Terry Nichols, as an alleged accomplice. The FBI and ..."

From the Paper
"In the American system of government there is a division of power between the states and the federal government that is embodied in the United States Constitution. At different times in our history, relative levels of power may shift from one to the other, but at all times there are certain functions relegated to the states and certain functions that are handled in Washington, D.C. One of the themes in American political history is federalism as seen in various arguments over whether the balance of power has shifted too much one way or the other, with some believing that all power should devolve to the states, with the federal government performing only a few tasks, such as the national defense, while others see a much stronger role for the federal government based on ideas of fairness and equity so that a citizen can move from one state to another and find essentially ..."