Abstract
This research paper compares and contrasts the approaches taken by reformers to civil rights and social welfare or income maintenance programs during the eras of the Progressives, the New Deal and the Great Society. The idea of using the power of government to benefit broader segments of society originated in the Progressive era; however, Progressivism was largely a middle class movement which did little to advance the interests of nonwhite groups or the poor

From the Paper
"PROGRESSIVE NEW DEAL AND GREAT SOCIETY ERA REFORMS

This research paper compares and contrasts the approaches taken by reformers to civil rights and social welfare or income maintenance programs during the eras of the Progressives, the New Deal and the Great Society. The idea of using the power of government to benefit broader segments of society originated in the Progressive era; however, Progressivism was largely a middle class movement which did little to advance the interests of nonwhite groups or the poor. It did espouse the political equality of women. New Deal reformers established for the first time a social safety net of minimum subsistence standards. They viewed their role more as one of extending temporary relief than of permanently addressing the needs of the poor. The civil rights record of the New Deal was poor; but blacks and other minorities..."

Abstract
Max Weber was a German sociologist and historian who was concerned both with the importance of history in the social science and the impact of meaning on human conduct. He focused on the development of methodologies for understanding human behavior in groups and provided many significant works in the new field of sociology.

From the Paper
"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Introduction
Max Weber was a German sociologist and historian who was concerned both with the importance of history in the social science and the impact of meaning on human conduct. He focused on the development of methodologies for understanding human behavior in groups and provided many significant works in the new field of sociology.

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism was one of the most important, and controversial, of his works. It was first translated into English in 1930. Essentially the book opposed the Marxist concept of dialectical materialism, while attributing the rise of capitalism to Calvinist Protestantism."

From the Paper
"HAYNES JOHNSON'S SLEEPWALKING THROUGH HISTORY

This research report consists of a summary, analysis and evaluation of Haynes Johnson's above entitled book on the 1980s. As its title suggests, the author believes that the decade represents a period in which America largely failed to come to grips with its principal problems. This decade long escape from reality was aided and abetted by the mythology orchestrated by the Great Communicator, the President for most of the decade, Ronald Reagan, who struck responsive chords in the electorate and by the development of an electronic media well attuned to the age. The book is more successful in describing what happened during the 1980s than in explaining the deeper significance of the events that then transpired and suffers from the author's attachment to a world which clearly was disintegrating before his ..."

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"ROHR'S TO RUN A CONSTITUTION: A SUMMARY & AN ASSESSMENT

Introduction
This research summarizes and assesses To Run A Constitution by John Rohr. This summary and assessment is presented in the following discussions: (1) a brief summary of the book; (2) interesting ideas in the book; and (3) an overall assessment of the book.
Brief Summary of the Book
Rohr s focus in To Run A Constitution is on the structure and functioning of what is referred to as the administrative state. When Rohr uses the term, he states in To Run A Constitution that he means the political order that came into its own during the New Deal and still dominates our politics. Thus, primarily Rohr is speaking of the regulatory agency ..."

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"This research will examine the American Declaration of Independence and the extent to which it accomplished the purposes that it articulated. The research will set forth the historical context in which the Declaration emerged and then discuss how the consequences that flowed from it correlated with what the document represented and with its function as an artifact of nation-state institutionalization.

It is both a commonplace and a definitive statement of origins in American history that the Declaration of Independence, written in 1776 as the justification for the revolution that resulted, in 1783, in dissolution of royal authority over the British colonies, was meant, in the words of Thomas Jefferson, "to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent." The ..."

Abstract
"The Bill of Rights, the most celebrated part of the United States Constitution, almost seems like an afterthought. The Constitution, which spelled out the form of the national government and delineated the responsibilities of each branch, was ratified in 1788.

From the Paper
"The Bill of Rights, the most celebrated part of the United States Constitution, almost seems like an afterthought. The Constitution, which spelled out the form of the national government and delineated the responsibilities of each branch, was ratified in 1788. Three years later Congress added 10 amendments (the Bill of Rights) that guaranteed individual liberties. This paper will summarize why those amendments were included, and analyze whether the Bill of Rights altered the Constitution or merely strengthened it.

The 1780s were a time of triumph and turmoil in America. The decisive American victory at Yorktown in 1781 guaranteed the nation s independence, confirmed two years later by a peace treaty with England that recognized the new nation. The fledgling nation s government, however, was in disarray. The ..."

Abstract
The collection of 85 essays known collectively as the Federalist Papers, or simply as The Federalist, stand as the chief exposition of the American Constitution and the system of government which it prescribed. The 1787 convention in Philadelphis, which produced the Constitution itself, published and preserved no official record of its deliberations.

From the Paper
"The collection of 85 essays known collectively as the Federalist Papers, or simply as The Federalist, stand as the chief exposition of the American Constitution and the system of government which it prescribed. The 1787 convention in Philadelphis, which produced the Constitution itself, published and preserved no official record of its deliberations. While several members later gave partial and personal accounts of the proceedings, none of these has obtained the weight of the Federalist Papers.

Written variously by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the common pseudonym of Publius, these were originally published as newspaper pieces. The immediate objective was to encourage the adoption of the new Constitution in the place of the nation's original written constitution, the ..."

From the Paper
"American Vietnam Policy During The Eisenhower Administration
This research paper traces the evolution of United States policy toward Vietnam during the administration of President


Dwight Eisenhower (January 1953-January 1961) and discusses the
factors which shaped that policy and contributed to its ultimate failure. The focus of this paper is on the mind-set and operating assumptions of President Eisenhower and other key members of his national security team and their manifestation in Vietnam policy. Its theses are that:
(1) from the late 1940s and throughout the Eisenhower administration, American policy toward Indochina/Vietnam was strongly shaped by Cold War tensions and was dictated primarily by Cold War considerations --i.e. the imperative need as..."

Abstract
A looks at its history since the 18th Century including chinese regional relations, Korean and Vietnam wars, Nixon-Kissinger rapprochement, Taiwan, trade and investment, Tiananmen Square, human rights and recommendations.

From the Paper
"U.S. Foreign Policy and China
This research paper summarizes the historical background of American foreign policy toward China, the present state of relations between the United States and China and recommendations for the future. China and the United States have dealt with each other for more than two centuries. American foreign policy has fairly consistently supported the emergence of a stable, less impoverished, less authoritarian and friendly China. Often, those policy hopes were not firmly grounded in Chinese reality, but rather reflected a peculiarly American view of how China should conduct its affairs. In the 20th century, they were repeatedly dashed -- by the Japanese invasion in the 1930s, the Chinese civil war, the Chinese military intervention in Korea, the internal convulsion of the Cultural Revolution, the Tiananmen..."

From the Paper
"Marxist-Leninist systems, such as Stalin's Soviet Union and Mao's China, and fascist systems, such as Mussolini's Italy, are theoretical opposites; hence their respective designations as "left-wing" and "right-wing." Yet Marxist-Leninist and fascist regimes share many of the same features, such as militarization, charismatic leadership, and the consolidation of power in one person. This paper will identify the common characteristics of Marxist-Leninism and fascism, and explain why the systems display such similarities.


In general, Marxism-Leninism and fascism are diametrically opposed. Marxist-Leninist thought calls for a revolution from below, in which the masses rise up to overthrow the capitalists and create a dictatorship of the proletariat. Wealth is redistributed so that everybody shares equally and classes are..."

From the Paper
"This paper compares and contrasts two ruminations on the American experience. The first, Louis Hartz's The Liberal Tradition in America, looks at the uniqueness of American history through the concept of the nation's liberal tradition, while the second, Eric Foner's The Story of American Freedom, examines the changing meanings of freedom throughout history. Both try to consider the uniqueness of the American experience through the prism of the word they have chosen as most useful to an examination of history. Both words are variations on the same approach, an attempt to consider American history by looking at one key concept that has shaped that history and been influenced by it.


Louis Hartz first published The Liberal Tradition in America in 1955, during the heart of the Cold War. His exploration of..."

Abstract
Since the fall of Saigon in 1975, Vietnamese refugees have flocked to the U.S. in four waves in order to escape from the political persecution of the Communist government. The first wave of refugees consisted of successful and wealthy Vietnamese who were evacuated from Saigon by the Americans.

From the Paper
"Since the fall of Saigon in 1975, Vietnamese refugees have flocked to the U.S. in four waves in order to escape from the political persecution of the Communist government. The first wave of refugees consisted of successful and wealthy Vietnamese who were evacuated from Saigon by the Americans. In an efficient evacuation campaign, 120,000 Vietnamese were carried to four domestic military bases by ship and plane (Weiss 32). In the late seventies, the second wave, comprising ethnic Chinese and fishermen escaped to the U.S. in boats (Weiss 33). After the then-Secretary of State George Schultz's proposal in 1984, Amerasian children who were outcasts in the Vietnamese society were allowed to enter the U.S (?Forgotten Children,? 32). Former political prisoners who were released from the notorious re-education camps constituted the fourth wave of..."

Tags: IMMIGRATION

Abstract
Charles E. Lindblom's The Policy Making Process (Prentice-Hall, 1980) is a seminal work in the policy planning canon, one in which a deceptively spare volume (126 pages) speaks to a wide range of heuristic issues that are germane to the field.

From the Paper
"A Review of Charles E. Lindblom's
The Policy-Making Process
1. Introduction
Charles E. Lindblom's The Policy Making Process (Prentice-Hall, 1980) is a seminal work in the policy planning canon, one in which a deceptively spare volume (126 pages) speaks to a wide range of heuristic issues that are germane to the field.


That the writing is also spare speaks to the practical wisdom accumulated by this Yale University Sterling Professor Emeritus of Economics and Political Science who in 1997 was awarded the "Dwight Waldo Award for outstanding contributions to the literature and leadership of public administration through an extended career" (APAR Awards, 1998, II).


Lindblom's book is "Issue oriented" in that it attempts to provide a..."

From the Paper
"The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that "Congress shall make no law. . .abridging the freedom of speech." That prohibition, however, has never been absolute. Some restrictions on speech are necessary, according to the U.S. Supreme Court. For example, a person who yelled "Fire!" in a crowded theater could be prosecuted, and the federal government is permitted to regulate commercial speech to protect consumers from false and misleading advertising. Some scholars have proposed that the class of unprotected speech be expanded to include hate speech. This paper will analyze whether such restrictions are necessary or even possible.


Hate speech, or racist speech, is often cited as undeserving of First Amendment protection. Proponents argue that hate speech is not speech at all, but really a "verbal assault." If the point..."

From the Paper
"Care For the Elderly and the Rights of the Disabled
in the European Community
This research paper discusses the current status in the European Community (EC) of provision for the care of the elderly and the disabled and the rights of persons who fall into such categories. Most of the nations of Western Europe provide extensive protection for the elderly and, to a lesser extent, the disabled, but a combination of fiscal, economic and demographic pressures render them unable to maintain, let alone expand, those benefits just as the aging of their populations is rendering a significant number of the elderly and the disabled more vulnerable. As a result, since the early 1980s a major political battle has been developing over the size and terms of future entitlement programs for these groups and various alternatives..."