From the Paper
"Public Administration and Politics

This paper will discuss the relationship and interplay between public administration and politics. The first part of the paper will briefly discuss the traditional roles of administration and the separation of administration from electoral politics. The second part of the paper will discuss the role interest groups have come to play in the formulation of public policy as a result of their relationships to administrative agencies.
Politics play a unique role in the administration of public policy in democracies. Democratic governments are ruled by politics; they must adhere to the will of the electorate or else run the risk of being voted out of office. This means that all functions of a democratic government are somehow influenced by the political ..."

From the Paper
"Thomas Hobbes's method and aims in civil philosophy in general, and in Leviathan in particular, lead him to leave the "seeds of religion" out of the War Argument because to include those seeds of religion would be counter-productive to his method and aims.

Hobbes's method is based on science, logic, reason, materialism, and empirical observation, none of which is useful in analyzing God or religion. For Hobbes to include the intangibles and mysteries of religion and God in his rational analysis of human nature and politics would have been to poison the entire project with uncertainty.
Hobbes's aim is to construct a philosophy, built on what he hopes are the air-tight bricks of reason and mathematical logic, which convinces human beings that they should immediately form a ..."

Abstract
Frank Skeffington is the main character in Edwin O'Connor's political novel, The Last Hurrah. The title says much about the story being told and much about the political changes that are taking place in the city of the novel. A political campaign is here identified as a "hurrah," a word showing great excitement, joy, and at the same time a sense of triumph expressed in the word "hurrah."

From the Paper
"Frank Skeffington is the main character in Edwin O'Connor's political novel, The Last Hurrah. The title says much about the story being told and much about the political changes that are taking place in the city of the novel. A political campaign is here identified as a "hurrah," a word showing great excitement, joy, and at the same time a sense of triumph expressed in the word "hurrah." An election is therefore something of a sporting event, watched by cheerleaders on both sides, each side cheering on their candidate to the finish. The fact that this is the last such campaign for Skeffington is indicated in the title, and he seems to know this as well. He is old, and since he believes this is his last hurrah, he asks that his nephew be part of the campaign so he can impart some of his knowledge to someone, his son having failed him in that regard. This occurs in an ..."

Abstract
"The Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1776 as a statement of the Second Continental Congress of the independence of the American colonies from British rule.

From the Paper
"The Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1776 as a statement of the Second Continental Congress of the independence of the American colonies from British rule. Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft, and ideas were then incorporated from John Adams and Benjamin Franklin. The document was adopted on July 4, and along with success in the American Revolution, the Declaration ushered in a new political age (Carruth 138). The document produced at the behest of the Second Continental Congress expressed a number of political ideas then current in the colonies, ideas which had been expressed by others in a different form and which were now brought together by Jefferson in a final statement of independence from England.
Jefferson based much of the document on ideas derived from Locke and Rousseau concerning the value of natural law, to the ..."

Abstract
The speeches of Abraham Lincoln give a good picture of that great leader in his own words and open a window onto another historical era. Some of these speeches are well-known, while others are less often read.

From the Paper
"The speeches of Abraham Lincoln give a good picture of that great leader in his own words and open a window onto another historical era. Some of these speeches are well-known, while others are less often read. Abraham Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" is one of the most famous speeches in American history, learned by heart by many schoolchildren, with phrases that have rung down through the ages, though the precise circumstances of the speech may not be so well known. The speech is not merely of historical importance but also serves as a prime example of rhetorical structure in spite of the fact that it was probably "dashed off" by its author almost as an afterthought because of the need to make a speech at a certain place for a specific occasion. Of course, the Civil War divided the country literally, with North against South, brother against brother."

Abstract
"As outlined in Chapter 16, "The Struggles for Asia, 1920-1945" Mohandas Gandhi appears to be an unparalleled leader and inspirer of human political motivation. The book implies that Gandhi was responsible for the transformation of the demand for independence into a nationwide mass movement that mobilized every class of society against the imperialist forces of Britain.

From the Paper
"As outlined in Chapter 16, "The Struggles for Asia, 1920-1945" Mohandas Gandhi appears to be an unparalleled leader and inspirer of human political motivation. The book implies that Gandhi was responsible for the transformation of the demand for independence into a nationwide mass movement that mobilized every class of society against the imperialist forces of Britain. As is often the case, the free India that came into being, divided and committed to a program of modernization and industrialization, was not the India of his dreams.

The highlights of his life show a man of action. Born Oct. 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, in 1893 he went to South Africa to battle for the rights of Indians, an event which would influence his initial struggle in 1915 for India's independence. A..."

Abstract
This research paper compares and contrasts the approaches taken by reformers to civil rights and social welfare or income maintenance programs during the eras of the Progressives, the New Deal and the Great Society. The idea of using the power of government to benefit broader segments of society originated in the Progressive era; however, Progressivism was largely a middle class movement which did little to advance the interests of nonwhite groups or the poor

From the Paper
"PROGRESSIVE NEW DEAL AND GREAT SOCIETY ERA REFORMS

This research paper compares and contrasts the approaches taken by reformers to civil rights and social welfare or income maintenance programs during the eras of the Progressives, the New Deal and the Great Society. The idea of using the power of government to benefit broader segments of society originated in the Progressive era; however, Progressivism was largely a middle class movement which did little to advance the interests of nonwhite groups or the poor. It did espouse the political equality of women. New Deal reformers established for the first time a social safety net of minimum subsistence standards. They viewed their role more as one of extending temporary relief than of permanently addressing the needs of the poor. The civil rights record of the New Deal was poor; but blacks and other minorities..."

Abstract
Max Weber was a German sociologist and historian who was concerned both with the importance of history in the social science and the impact of meaning on human conduct. He focused on the development of methodologies for understanding human behavior in groups and provided many significant works in the new field of sociology.

From the Paper
"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Introduction
Max Weber was a German sociologist and historian who was concerned both with the importance of history in the social science and the impact of meaning on human conduct. He focused on the development of methodologies for understanding human behavior in groups and provided many significant works in the new field of sociology.

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism was one of the most important, and controversial, of his works. It was first translated into English in 1930. Essentially the book opposed the Marxist concept of dialectical materialism, while attributing the rise of capitalism to Calvinist Protestantism."

From the Paper
"HAYNES JOHNSON'S SLEEPWALKING THROUGH HISTORY

This research report consists of a summary, analysis and evaluation of Haynes Johnson's above entitled book on the 1980s. As its title suggests, the author believes that the decade represents a period in which America largely failed to come to grips with its principal problems. This decade long escape from reality was aided and abetted by the mythology orchestrated by the Great Communicator, the President for most of the decade, Ronald Reagan, who struck responsive chords in the electorate and by the development of an electronic media well attuned to the age. The book is more successful in describing what happened during the 1980s than in explaining the deeper significance of the events that then transpired and suffers from the author's attachment to a world which clearly was disintegrating before his ..."

From the Paper
"ROHR'S TO RUN A CONSTITUTION: A SUMMARY & AN ASSESSMENT

Introduction
This research summarizes and assesses To Run A Constitution by John Rohr. This summary and assessment is presented in the following discussions: (1) a brief summary of the book; (2) interesting ideas in the book; and (3) an overall assessment of the book.
Brief Summary of the Book
Rohr s focus in To Run A Constitution is on the structure and functioning of what is referred to as the administrative state. When Rohr uses the term, he states in To Run A Constitution that he means the political order that came into its own during the New Deal and still dominates our politics. Thus, primarily Rohr is speaking of the regulatory agency ..."

From the Paper
"This research will examine the American Declaration of Independence and the extent to which it accomplished the purposes that it articulated. The research will set forth the historical context in which the Declaration emerged and then discuss how the consequences that flowed from it correlated with what the document represented and with its function as an artifact of nation-state institutionalization.

It is both a commonplace and a definitive statement of origins in American history that the Declaration of Independence, written in 1776 as the justification for the revolution that resulted, in 1783, in dissolution of royal authority over the British colonies, was meant, in the words of Thomas Jefferson, "to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent." The ..."

Abstract
"The Bill of Rights, the most celebrated part of the United States Constitution, almost seems like an afterthought. The Constitution, which spelled out the form of the national government and delineated the responsibilities of each branch, was ratified in 1788.

From the Paper
"The Bill of Rights, the most celebrated part of the United States Constitution, almost seems like an afterthought. The Constitution, which spelled out the form of the national government and delineated the responsibilities of each branch, was ratified in 1788. Three years later Congress added 10 amendments (the Bill of Rights) that guaranteed individual liberties. This paper will summarize why those amendments were included, and analyze whether the Bill of Rights altered the Constitution or merely strengthened it.

The 1780s were a time of triumph and turmoil in America. The decisive American victory at Yorktown in 1781 guaranteed the nation s independence, confirmed two years later by a peace treaty with England that recognized the new nation. The fledgling nation s government, however, was in disarray. The ..."

Abstract
The collection of 85 essays known collectively as the Federalist Papers, or simply as The Federalist, stand as the chief exposition of the American Constitution and the system of government which it prescribed. The 1787 convention in Philadelphis, which produced the Constitution itself, published and preserved no official record of its deliberations.

From the Paper
"The collection of 85 essays known collectively as the Federalist Papers, or simply as The Federalist, stand as the chief exposition of the American Constitution and the system of government which it prescribed. The 1787 convention in Philadelphis, which produced the Constitution itself, published and preserved no official record of its deliberations. While several members later gave partial and personal accounts of the proceedings, none of these has obtained the weight of the Federalist Papers.

Written variously by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the common pseudonym of Publius, these were originally published as newspaper pieces. The immediate objective was to encourage the adoption of the new Constitution in the place of the nation's original written constitution, the ..."

From the Paper
"American Vietnam Policy During The Eisenhower Administration
This research paper traces the evolution of United States policy toward Vietnam during the administration of President


Dwight Eisenhower (January 1953-January 1961) and discusses the
factors which shaped that policy and contributed to its ultimate failure. The focus of this paper is on the mind-set and operating assumptions of President Eisenhower and other key members of his national security team and their manifestation in Vietnam policy. Its theses are that:
(1) from the late 1940s and throughout the Eisenhower administration, American policy toward Indochina/Vietnam was strongly shaped by Cold War tensions and was dictated primarily by Cold War considerations --i.e. the imperative need as..."

Abstract
A looks at its history since the 18th Century including chinese regional relations, Korean and Vietnam wars, Nixon-Kissinger rapprochement, Taiwan, trade and investment, Tiananmen Square, human rights and recommendations.

From the Paper
"U.S. Foreign Policy and China
This research paper summarizes the historical background of American foreign policy toward China, the present state of relations between the United States and China and recommendations for the future. China and the United States have dealt with each other for more than two centuries. American foreign policy has fairly consistently supported the emergence of a stable, less impoverished, less authoritarian and friendly China. Often, those policy hopes were not firmly grounded in Chinese reality, but rather reflected a peculiarly American view of how China should conduct its affairs. In the 20th century, they were repeatedly dashed -- by the Japanese invasion in the 1930s, the Chinese civil war, the Chinese military intervention in Korea, the internal convulsion of the Cultural Revolution, the Tiananmen..."