Abstract This paper presents the three reasons given by George W. Bush to the American public for going to war with Iraq. The paper discusses these three reasons: That Saddam Hussein had ties to al-Qaeda, that Hussein was attempting to acquire nuclear weapons, and that Hussein had weapons of mass destruction. The paper dismisses these reasons as inapplicable. The claim that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction is examined in the paper. The paper also outlines Saddam Hussein's ties to al-Qaeda and the threat of nuclear weapons.
From the Paper "Of the three claims, the third one regarding WMD was instantly believable, because American news had been full of pictures of dead Kurds, citizens of Iraq, killed with Iraq's chemical weapons. Hussein had used WMD's in the past on his own citizens, and so it seemed likely that he could easily use them on people he regarded as enemies of his country. In addition, he used Scud missiles (short range, and easily moved) to attack Saudi Arabia and even Israel during the Gulf War (Richelson, p. 75), demonstrating his willingness to attack other nations. The second concern, that Iraq might already nuclear weapons, had less direct evidence people could recall easily, but was also quite scary. Since the end of the Cold War, a recurring fear was that a terrorist-driven country would use nuclear weapons to try to force its will on other countries."
Abstract This paper provides a general explanation of deregulation and then examines directly the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. From there, the paper explores the effects the Act has had on the airline industry and how it affects the way the industry operates in the current environment.
From the Paper "One of the most significant events in the air transportation industry was the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. This paper will review what deregulation, in general is, and then move specifically to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. From there, this paper will explore what effects the Act has had on the industry. By understanding these concepts, one can better understand the environment the industry now operates in, and how far it has come."
Tags: removes, regulations, businesses, encourage, governmental, control, passenger, transport
An analysis of the Patriot Act, which was passed in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and gives sweeping powers of search and surveillance to the law enforcing agencies.
Abstract This paper discusses the controversy that still surrounds the Patriot Act and examines its impact on the law enforcement agencies and the Fourth Amendment. The USA Patriot Act, which was signed as law in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, gives sweeping powers of search and surveillance to the law enforcing agencies and is aimed at eliminating the terrorist activities in the U.S. The Department of Justice and the Bush administration claim that the Patriot Act has been instrumental in preventing further terrorist attacks in the U.S. after 9/11. However, the civil libertarians claim that the Act severely compromises the civil liberties granted in the U.S. Constitution and violates the due process law of the Fourth Amendment.
From the Paper "The Bush administration and the US Department of Justice insist that the Patriot Act is not aimed at restricting civil liberties and consists of only modest, incremental changes in the law in order to preserve the lives and liberty of the American people from the challenges posed by a global terrorist network. The Department of Justice Website claims that following its passage, the Patriot Act has played a key part in a number of successful operations to protect innocent Americans from the deadly plans of terrorists. (The USA PATRIOT Act: Preserving Life and Liberty, 2003) Others such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) beg to disagree and denounce the defense of the Act by the government as misleading and dishonest. Their main worry is that the expansion of police powers and the reduction of personal privacy do not make Americans any safer from terrorists - it only allows the government to interfere with the privacy of its citizens."
Abstract This paper discusses Niccolo Machiavelli's work, "The Prince," and portrays George Bush according to Machiavelli's ideas. The paper contends that George Bush and Niccolo Machiavelli are two very influential political figures that share similar ideals. The paper outlines several of Bush's proposals, explaining them against Machiavelli's theory, which states that, in the conquest for power, the ends justify the means.
From the Paper "George Bush and Niccolo Machiavelli are two very influential political figures that share some similar ideals. Machiavelli's work was never intended to be applied to republics, or a democratic government. The advice written in The Prince would have likely been applied in the time of absolute government, when countries were ruled by one leader. It is a work which, as Machiavelli himself says that his philosophy is only applied to principalities, or what we call dictatorships in modern times. Elected from the state of Texas, George Bush is a strictly right-winged conservative. When he was governor, Bush showed no clemency for the death row inmates which resulted in the highest number of executions. He severely restricted women's rights in Texas by legislating strict guidelines for abortion, making it very difficult for women to exercise their first amendment right."
Abstract This paper examines the threat posed by North Korea to the United States. The paper contends that the complex nature of the problem of the North Korean nuclear program and the ways and means to handle it pose one of the greatest challenges to the U.S. foreign policy during the second term of President Bush. The paper determines that the challenge is not only in finding a way to put a cap on the nuclear weapons program of North Korea, but also in seeing that the present regime of Kim Jong Il adheres to the terms of the agreements hammered out, since this regime has shown scant respect for earlier agreements.
From the Paper "President Bush was of the opinion that three countries were members of the 'Axis of Evil' and during his first term in office he took necessary efforts to neutralize or prevent any kind of threat or attack from Iraq. His second term as the President of Unite States is likely to see a greater emphasis to remove the perceived threat from the other two members of the Axis of Evil, which are Iran and N. Korea. North Korea is likely to be the greatest challenge posed to the US foreign policy in the coming years. For too many years North Korea has remained on the back burner, but the recent developments make it necessary for the US to initiate a stronger foreign policy effort on North Korea to remove threats to itself and its allies in the North Asian region. In the last five decades or so North Korea has developed a nuclear weapons research program by exploiting its own uranium and a pool of nuclear physicists available in the country."
Analyses the Reagan foreign policy, and how it consistently confronted the Soviet Union in ways that forced it to spend huge amounts of money on defense. Makes the argument that this is the main reason that the Soviet Union collapsed.
Abstract This paper highlights the portions of Ronald Reagan's foreign policy that confronted the Soviet Union in ways that forced the United States to spend large amounts of money. The foreign policy issues that are examined include Afghanistan, The Iran-Contra Affair, Reagan's support of Eastern-European Dissidents and Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative, (also known as "Star Wars"). Afghanistan is heavily analyzed, with a breakdown of significant historical points, such as the introduction of the US-made Stinger missile, which stripped the USSR of air superiority. The Iran-Contra affair is included as a way to demonstrate Reagan's willingness to confront communism everywhere. This was a marked policy shift from Jimmy Carter and caught the USSR off guard. The Strategic Defense Initiative is analyzed and is linked to an increased amount of money being spent by the USSR on research and development. The support of dissidents by Reagan is looked at as well, with the conclusion that with relatively little amounts of effort, Reagan's foreign policy fomented large amounts of political opposition to the Soviet Union in Eastern European satellite countries. This caused the Soviet Union to spend money combating this problem as well, with their spy apparatus. Definitive numbers are given that explain just how much the Soviet Union spending increased while Reagan was in office.
From the Paper "In the 1980's, a swirling of events converged to form a perfect storm that met the conditions for bringing down what Ronald Reagan termed the "evil empire." The first incident was that Old School communists in the Politburo sought to make an impression in Central Asia, but found stalwart resistance in The Gipper. Second, Reagan's abrupt shift from Carter's lax foreign policy took the Soviets by surprise, with the new administration's desire to challenge communism on every front possible; out of this desire came the ill-fated support of the contras, along with the hugely successful backing of Eastern European dissidents, namely the Solidarity movement in Eastern Europe. The third event in Reagan's foreign policy shift that took the world by surprise was the administration's renunciation of the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction; Reagan took the steps of beginning a Ballistic Missile Defense program, which he coined the Strategic Defense Initiative. The Soviets, with few options of recourse, were forced to make concessions that led to the implosion of the "evil empire" shortly afterward. Thus, by applying a policy of confrontation of spreading Communism, bleeding the Soviets in Afghanistan by supporting the mujahideen, and abruptly announcing a paradigm shift in American foreign policy with the Strategic Defense Initiative, Ronald Reagan certainly hastened, if not caused the downfall of the USSR."
This paper uses the novel "Nickel and Dimed" by Barbara Ehreinreich to show that it is very hard, or even impossible to get by on America's current wage.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 0 sources, 2005, $ 40.95
Abstract America's poor work hard daily to make minimum wages with awful benefits. This paper explains how Ehrenreich gives up her life of riches for a few months of going "undercover" into the world of minimum wages and awful management to prove that it is impossible to support a wholesome lifestyle on their wages.
From the Paper "America is a country burdened with poverty and low wages. As years go by, it seems like the problem is getting worse and worse. As Barbara Ehrenreich shows in her book, "Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America", millions of average Americans work non-stop, endless hours every day of the week, and are still not able to secure an economically sound lifestyle for themselves, or the families many of them have to support. Barbara joins these average Americans in an attempt to prove that a six to seven dollar an hour job cannot provide in today's society. Although America's poor worker's failure to form unions plays a direct impact on their low incomes, other factors such as lack of education, no spare time, and no savings or extra money to begin with also contribute to their inability to rise from such poor lifestyles. It is all of these factors that lead to the growing impoverished population we are facing today."
Abstract This paper explores the reasons for the Irish Civil War of 1922-1923. While the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921 is widely considered the instigation for the war, this paper examines the underlying tensions in the country. The author investigates three primary factors, which he concludes are the actual causes of war: (1) the nationalist split that had developed within the Irish leadership before World War I; (2) the resignation of President Eamon De Valera and his support for the anti-Treaty position; and (3) the the nature of Irish political culture.
From the Paper "The nationalist split concerned the basis of the Irish claim for self-determination. Both factions had Irish independence as their goal, yet they differed in their rationale and proposed courses of action. This split pre-dated World War I, but was brought to a crux by the Treaty. One faction claimed national self-determination on the basis of Ireland's equality with other white, English-speaking countries. Rather than focusing on Ireland's uniqueness, this faction emphasized Ireland's similarity to these other countries."
Tags: anti, civil, collins, de, eamon, history, ireland, irish, michael, partition, politics, treatyites, valera, war
Abstract The writer of this well-researched paper details the health risks which can and do result, due to the use of hormones in the beef produced in America and around the world. This paper traces the use of hormones in beef back to the 1970s, when the U.S. began using hormones to accelerate the growth rate of animals in an effort to conserve time and money. The writer contends that over 95% of the cattle in the U.S. are currently being administered growth promoting hormones. This paper examines the ongoing conflict between the U.S., the European Union and Canada over the ban on cattle products produced with growth hormones. Since the 1950s, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been researching the effects of growth hormones and it, as well as other scientific experts, have found that there is no difference between beef raised on hormones and those raised without. This paper delves into the various FDA laws which permit the use of hormones in restricted amounts. The writer of this paper also focuses on the health risks involved with the ingestion of these hormones. Scientists and health experts contend that any increase in the level of hormones, above that which occurs naturally in humans, carries a potential risk of carcinogenic effects.
From the Paper "Beginning in the 1970's the United State's meat industry began using hormones to improve the growth rate of animals in an effort to conserve time and money. In 1981, the European Union began restricting the use of growth hormones within the Union itself, and also began restricting the import of meat and meat products derived from cattle that had been given hormones. During the past years, the European Union have updated and/or amended its regulations several times, generally to include more hormones, however, for the most part, the regulations have remained the same. The dispute at the World Trade Organization concerns the use of six scientifically approved hormones used for cattle growth promotion, estradiol, melengestrol acetate, progesterone, testosterone, trenbolone acetate, and zeranol."
Abstract This paper examines and critiques the U.S.'s Patriot Act, which was passed in an attempt to protect U.S. citizens from terrorism, in the post 9-11 era. The paper argues that the dangers to civil liberties and the rights of U.S. citizens due to the passage of the USA Patriot Act represent a bigger threat to the future of the American people than any terrorist group or act of terrorism.
From the Paper "In the wake of the worst terrorist attacks in U.S. history on September 11, just six weeks later, with little Congressional resistance or analysis, the U.S. Congress passed into law the USA Patriot Act, also known as...."
Tags: September 11, search and seizure, privacy, Web, Internet, surveillance, banking, finance, government
Abstract This paper discusses important historical events in the history of the Hamas movement. The author points out the motivation and ideology (Islamic covenant) of Hamas, its opposition to the Palestinian Authority and where it stands today. The paper outlines some counter-terrorism steps taken worldwide.
From the Paper "Harakat-al-muqawama al-Islamiyya known by the acronym Hamas is anIslamic resistance movement whose roots can be traced back to the ... extension of the Muslim Brotherhood, an organization founded in the ... in Egypt, which was renewed and strengthened ..."
An overview of federal aid given in the form of a supplement to local schools based on their conformity to established guidelines under the No Child Left Behind Act.
Abstract This paper addresses several issues relating to the No Child Left Behind legislation. It compares and contrasts the advantages and disadvantages of federal aid, discusses what legal opportunities or consequences accompany receiving federal aid, examines and evaluates the meaning and implications of supplanting and examines how someone could prepare for changes in the different areas on the revenue and expenditures of a school district based on in demographic and economic factors.
Tags: Federal aid, local schools, federal regulation, No child left behind, federal funding, NEA, union opposition
Abstract This paper examines the application of the Occupational Safety And Health Act (O.S.H.A.) in the current employment environment. It describes the impetus of O.S.H.A. Law and how it evolved from organized labor activity to more widespread application.
From the Paper "According to an essay by Judson MacLaury published on the U.S. Department of Labor website, by the number of industrial accidents coupled with reports of increases in occupational diseases and work-related disabilities prompted Congress to pass the Occupational Safety and Health Act the O.S.H. Act in an effort to ensure a safe and healthy working environment for all employees. Thus, the evolution of laws governing worker safety shifted from laws passed by the various States offering varying degrees of protection to workers, to a federal law ... "
Tags: OSHA. Law, federal regulation, union labor relations, workplace injuries
Abstract This paper discusses the concept of fiscal policy and how it relates to the management of a national economy. The economic indicators of GDP, GDP growth, and employment are examined in relation to their estimation of an economy's health. Fiscal policies that allow manipulation of an economy are also examined, such as government spending on infrastructure, spending on education, and governmental policies on taxation.
From the Paper "The changes to fiscal policy in the simulation had immediate and long-lasting effects on the economy of Erehwon. During periods of high or runaway inflation the government is obligated to cut spending across the board where possible. As President, such spending cuts on infrastructure and education programs are never popular, either with the public or other political representatives who have to face their constituents with the news of program cuts. During recessionary periods, the government was forced to spend itself out of recession and, if not congressionally blocked, to run a higher than average deficit. While the public may be happy with the results the long-term effect on the economy of such measures are not positive. Additionally, during a recession taxes should be reduced."
